A bachelors degree Essay Example for Free

An unhitched males degree Essay Subsequent to getting a single guys degree in advertising five years prior I never envisioned myself returning to class and attempting to seek after a bosses degree in youth training. Each since I can recollect my youth I have had such a significant number of extraordinary educators. I have consistently esteem them as an instructor as well as a solid and sympathetic person. My enthusiasm for instruction started with my little girl, and investing a lot of energy as a parent volunteer in her study hall. In the study hall is the place I built up an energy for working with children, and helping them learn in an inventive way. I feel that youngsters draw out the best in me. As a parent and instructor I get myself not only an individual who sustains and thinks about youngsters, however somebody who is eager to see kids learn. I have shown my youngsters how to be somebody with acceptable ethics and morals. I have helped them see instruction in best manner. I solid accept that the early long periods of a childs life are essential with regards to instruction, and this is a period at which data can most adequately be retained. So as to guarantee that our kids the eventual fate of our general public get the most ideal instruction, it is imperative that properly qualified, gifted, and proficient instructors are accessible to give this information and advancement. Two elements have added to my choice to seek after my instruction at the alumni level. To start with, by going to graduate school, I would have the open door seek after a situation as executive or admistative facilitator at a preschool. Moreover, I look for additional instruction so as to refine and improve my degree of information and aptitudes teaching little youngsters. I feel that graduate school will empower me to examine and investigate contemporary issues that are of boss significance to an instructor rehearsing in todays society. 2. How would you see the procedure of graduate examination in youth instruction helping you achieve your own and expert objectives? The procedure of graduate investigation in youth instruction will reinforce my capacity to lead as an executive in quality projects in youth training. It will furnish me with the instruments and abilities need to give administration and deal with the everyday exercises in schools, preschools, day care focuses. Besides, the procedure of graduate investigation will assist me with comprehension and perseve the significance of speculations utilized in youth instruction. It will allow me to investigate and apply those hypotheses and practices utilized in a study hall setting. Third, the procedure of graduate examination will assist me with picking up information so I can viably direct research considers relating to small kids. A few investigations which I am egger to directed are considers concerning the drawn out advantages of kids who go to preschool, how preschool can help in the advancement of kids, and how training kids however play can assist youngsters with getting a charge out of learnering. My own advantages that I will pick up from graduate examination in youth instruction are, it will assist me with having the option to comprehend and see social and psychological improvement of my own youngsters. It reinforce my relationship with my kids and with kids when all is said in done and, make it simpler to see there perspective. 3. In what ways do you intend to make a commitment to the calling of youth training? As a calling of youth instruction an arrangement to have any kind of effect however focusing on improving the training, improvement, and prosperity of small kids. I will teach others about the significance of balanced preschool and the drawn out advantages it can have on a youngster. I intend to utilize what I have realized however graduate program and apply into the preschool condition. Subsequent to finishing graduate examinations I intend to keep exploring how we can keep on improving our youth training programs for the people in the future. 4. What are your desires from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at California State University, Long Beach? As a matter of first importance I figure it would be a respect as well as a benefit for me to go to a master's level college that is so profoundly perceived expertly. My desires from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at CSULB are it will offer me a chance to successfully convey about speculations and practices I have adapted however out the program. It will allow me to direct research and actualize my exploration and consolidate that examination into a preschool setting. It will widen my comprehension about the significance of social assorted variety in a study hall setting. It will allow me to additionally investigate different regions which I would possible be able to have practical experience in. The experts program will allow me to be an all around perceived individual among friends and partners inside my calling. Recalling my youth, I have had numerous extraordinary educators. I have consistently esteemed them as teachers as well as solid and merciful people. I have helped them see training in the best way. I firmly accept that the early long stretches of a childs life are urgent with regards to instruction, and this is a period at which data can most viably be ingested. So as to guarantee that our kids, the eventual fate of our general public, get the most ideal instruction, it is imperative that suitably qualified, talented, and learned teachers are accessible to give this information and improvement. To begin with, by going to graduate school, I would have the open door seek after a situation as executive or authoritative organizer at a preschool. It will give me the apparatuses and abilities expected to give administration and deal with the everyday exercises in schools, preschools, and day care focuses. Furthermore, the procedure of graduate examination will assist me with comprehension and see the significance of speculations utilized in youth training. A few examinations which I am anxious to lead are contemplates concerning the drawn out advantages of kids who go to preschool, how preschool can help in the advancement of kids, and how training youngsters through play can assist them with getting a charge out of learning. The individual advantages that I will pick up from graduate examination in youth training incorporate comprehension and seeing social and psychological advancement in my own kids, fortifying my relationship with my youngsters and with kids by and large and, making it simpler to see their perspective. This sounds rather monotonous; you are abusing see and being excessively broad here. As an expert in youth training, I intend to have any kind of effect however focusing on upgrading the instruction, improvement, and prosperity of little youngsters. I will instruct others about the significance of balanced preschool and the drawn out advantages it can have on a kid. I intend to utilize what I have realized through my alumni program and apply it to the preschool condition. Subsequent to finishing graduate examinations I intend to keep exploring how we can keep on improving our youth instruction programs for the people in the future. Once more, this is fairly ambiguous. Most importantly, I figure it would be a respect as well as a benefit for me to go to a doctoral level college that is so exceptionally perceived expertly. My desires from the Masters program in Early Childhood Education at CSULB are that it will offer me a chance to viably convey about speculations and practices I have learned all through the program. It will allow me to lead exploration and execute my examination and join it into a preschool setting. It will allow me to additionally investigate different territories in which I can practice. The experts program will allow me to be an all around perceived individual among friends and associates inside my calling. Attempt to think of some progressively explicit objectives. At the point when you are unclear, it makes it sound as though you truly dont think a lot about the field you need to have some expertise in. You should peruse a few articles about issues in youth educationwhat is dubious in the field? what is front line? what's more, incorporate some data you have picked up from your perusing, to show that you are knowledgeable around there.

Mettre les pieds dans le plat - French Expression

Mettre les pieds dans le plat - French Expression Articulation: Mettre les pieds dans le plat Elocution: [ meh treu lay pyay da(n) leu pla] Which means: To fail, to talk with exorbitant genuineness, to examine something improper Strict interpretation: To place ones feet in the dish Register: Informal Notes You cannot help yet see the likeness between the French articulation mettre les pieds dans le plat and the English to place ones foot in ones mouth, however they dont mean a remarkable same thing. The French articulation intends to raise a fragile subject with no delicacy by any means, or to talk about a theme that every other person is evading. This is most likely not humiliating to the speaker, who simply needs to discuss that subject (regardless of whether that implies accidentally humiliating every other person in the room). The English articulation, be that as it may, certainly suggests shame with respect to the speaker, since it implies that youve simply dedicated a social bumble by saying simply regarding anything you shouldnt have, potentially about something that is-was-a mystery, (for example, the individual youre conversing with getting terminated, or you thinking about someones extra-conjugal undertaking). This would most likely be interpreted by something nonexclusive like faire une error. Models    Je parle trã ¨s franchement-je mets souvent les pieds dans le plat.    I talk evidently frequently too frankly.â    Oh l, tu as bien mis les pieds dans le plat, lâ !    Oh dear, you destroyed there!

36 Nonfiction Favorites Now Out in Paperback

36 Nonfiction Favorites Now Out in Paperback This post originally ran in True Story, our nonfiction newsletter. Sign up here! Fall is finally here, which means its time to cuddle up with some tea, a fuzzy blanket, and great books. Winter is probably my favorite reading seasonâ€"I live in Minnesota, so there are many days of the year when its best to just never leave the houseâ€"but autumn is a close second. To kick off the start of my favorite reading seasons, I put together one of my favorite things: a giant, TBR-busting list of popular nonfiction thats finally out in paperback. This list features some heavy-hitters, as well as some books that I missed when they first came out last year. All are nonfiction favorites that came out in paperback between July and September of this year. Being Mortal by Atul Gawandeâ€"A look at medicine, aging and death. The Hour of Land by Terry Tempest Williamsâ€"A literary celebration of national parks and what they mean to us. The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo by Amy Schumerâ€"Essays from a comic actress on growing up making people laugh. Blood at the Root by Patrick Phillipsâ€"The history of  Forsyth County, Georgia, and the  violent means by which locals kept Forsyth all white well into the 1990s. Stamped from the Beginning by Ibram X. Kendiâ€"A history of how racist ideas were developed, disseminated, and enshrined in American society. Code Warriors by Stephen Budianskyâ€"An inside look at the roots of the National Security Agency. Rogue Heroes by Ben Macintyreâ€"The inside history of Britains elite Special Air Service. Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vanceâ€"Memoir by a Yale Law School graduate about growing up in a poor Rust Belt town. Sing for Your Life by Daniel Bergnerâ€"The story of a young black mans journey from prison to life as a rising opera star. White Rage by Carol Andersonâ€"A history of how social progress for African American was countered by deliberate and cleverly crafted opposition from white America. Urban Forests by Jill Jonnesâ€"An exploration of how trees and urban green spaces contribute to public health and urban infrastructure. Love Warrior by Glennon Doyle Meltonâ€"An Oprah-endorsed memoir about confronting pain to build deeper, truer relationships. Presence by Amy Cuddyâ€"Techniques for improving confidence and performance through mind-body connections. Around the Way Girl by Taraji P. Hensonâ€"A memoir of family, friends, the hustle to make it from DC to Hollywood, and the joy of living your own truth. The Invention of Russia by Arkady Ostrovskyâ€"A look at Russias nationalist movement and aggression against America. You’ll Grow Out of It by Jessie Kleinâ€"Essays on growing up as a tomboy and becoming a woman. I’m Supposed to Protect You from All This by Nadja Spiegelmanâ€"A memoir of mothers and daughters and the complexity of families. A Life in Parts by Bryan Cranstonâ€"A memoir by the star of Breaking Bad. The Battle for Home by Marwa al-Sabouniâ€"An eyewitness account of life in Syria by an architect. Forty Autumns by Nina Willnerâ€"The true story of an American family separated by the Iron Curtain for more than 40 years. Playing Dead by Elizabeth Greenwoodâ€"A journey through the world of death fraud. Pilgrimage by Mark K. Shriverâ€"A portrait of Pope Francis based on interviews from the people who knew him as Jorge Mario Bergoglio. Scrappy Little Nobody by Anna Kendrickâ€"Essays on life from a short, funny, introverted actress. Never Look an American in the Eye by Okey Ndibeâ€"A memoir of flying turtles, colonial ghosts, and the making of Nigerian American. Books for Living by Will Schwalbeâ€"A look at the books that can help answer lifes big and small questions. Born to Run by Bruce Springsteenâ€"Rock star memoir! In Such Good Company by Carol Burnettâ€"A behind-the-scenes look at  The Carol Burnett Show. The Lost City of the Monkey God by Douglas Prestonâ€"An eyewitness account of following in the footsteps of a swashbuckling journalist in Honduras. The Clancys of Queens by Tara Clancyâ€"A Book Riot favorite, a memoir of growing up working class in Queens. The Pigeon Tunnel by John le Carréâ€"A memoir from a legendary author who got his start in British Intelligence during the Cold War. Messy by Tim Harfordâ€"An economist explores the benefits that messiness has in our lives: why it’s important, why we resist it, and why we should embrace it instead. When We Rise by Cleve Jonesâ€"A memoir of life in the gay rights movement in the 1970s. The Boys of Dunbar by Alejandro Danoisâ€"The true story of a Baltimore basketball coach whose undefeated team launched four players to the NBA. Soul at the White Heat by Joyce Carol Oatesâ€"Critical and personal essays on the writing life. Frantumaglia by Elena Ferrante, translated by Ann Goldsteinâ€"An invitation into Elena Ferrantes workshop where she answers questions on the writing life. Best. State. Ever. by Dave Barryâ€"A humorous collection of essays on why Florida is just so damn weird. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Mexican-American War - A History

The First Article Is Hiv Disclosure Essay - 1677 Words

The topic of the first article is HIV disclosure. There is a current epidemic concerning African-American/Black men (Bird, Viosin, 2013). Black Americans are more affected by HIV when compared to White Americans (Bird, Viosin, 2013). This is due to the sexual conduct of Black American men who have intercourse with men (Bird, Viosin, 2013). Black American men represent 73% of individuals who are diagnosed with HIV in the year 2009 (Bird, Viosin, 2013). The high percentage of Black Americans with HIV brings the question about self-disclosure. Recent studies have found the Black American men were less likely than White Americans to disclose their HIV status. The problem or focus of this study is to explore themes related with a primary barrier to sexual communication, and effective HIV prevention. Because of the high percentage of individuals who are unaware of their HIV status and the HIV infection rates, prevention strategies have been geared toward routine HIV testing for HIV positive individuals (Bird, Viosin, 2013). It is believed that an HIV positive status is less stigmatized as a result of these procedures (Bird, Viosin, 2013). Even with HIV status being less stigmatized, negative views still exist. Infected individuals are facing discrimination from friends, family, co-workers, and strangers (Bird, Viosin, 2013). It is expected that the efforts geared toward interventions aimed at HIV-positive individuals will help to increase self-disclosureShow MoreRelatedHiv / Aids : An Integral Part Of Society That Shapes The Way We Live And Interact With The957 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens, but sometimes that is not the case. With the emergence of HIV/AIDS in the United States, laws have been created in order to decrease the incidence rate but has instead increased stigma around HIV/AIDS. This results in people with HIV being discriminated against by not only their peers but the government that is responsible for keeping them safe. This blatant, federally endorsed, discrimination discourages those with HIV to seek out the appropriate care that they need due to possible punishmentRead MoreCounseling Sexually Active Clients with Hiv Essay examples5394 Words   |  22 PagesSex: Conditions of Disclosure in Counseling Sexually Active Clients with HIV Elliot D. Cohen, Ph.D. The present HIV pandemic presents challenges for mental health practitioners who, in the course of therapy, sometimes become privy to confidential information about potentially lethal sexual relationships ongoing between the client and one or more uninformed partner(s). In this lecture I will discuss the current professional/legal status of making disclosure in such cases, and my workRead MoreEthical Dilemma of Hiv Disclosure in Intimate Relationships5638 Words   |  23 PagesHIV Prevention with Positives in Thailand: Ethical Dilemma of HIV Status Disclosure in intimate relationship. Abstract Every year, there are about ten thousand new HIV infection cases in Thailand. The majority of new HIV transmissions in Thailand have changed from commercial sex to intimate relationships while HIV prevention generally focuses on self protection and universal precaution. In 2003, Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend to integrate HIV preventive measure into routineRead MoreHiv Viral Suppression Of More Than 200 Copies / Ml Of Blood Is Not The Gold Standard1285 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough a HIV viral suppression of less than 200 copies/mL of blood is not the gold standard at most sites. the rate is measured via the same definition across HHS agencies and programs. This includes HRSA and its HAB (2015) under which the RWHAP Part C falls, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and CMS through â€Å"Medicaid, Medicare Physician Quality Reporting System, Physician Feedback/Quality and Resource Use Reports, [and a] Physician Value-Based Payment Modifier† (N ational QualityRead MoreThe Constant Gardener, The 2005 Intellectual Thriller Directed By Fernando Meirelles1721 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe why it is important to regulate the activities of drug companies, to examine the unethical treatment of patients in developing countries, and to also review real life applicable literature which consists of only health-related scientific articles and journals. I believe this film was created with the intent to expose the corruption of powerful pharmaceutical companies in the health care industry, and to shed light on the damage they may cause to innocent patients living in developing countriesRead MoreHealthcare Privacy And Security Laws3468 Words   |  14 Pagesregulations and the differences between them. There are certain reporting obligations and penalties that must be obeyed in case of violation of these laws/ regulations which will discuss here. This paper also reviews the varying regulations in the case of HIV privacy in regards to children, and women. 1. INTRODUCTION Today personal information of individuals is maintained in the form of electronic records rather than paper based records. The technical for this is Electronic Health Records. There are certainRead MoreThe Cultural Atmosphere Of South Africa1362 Words   |  6 PagesMoving on from the previous notion that legal systems impact our perceptions as a collective, Elisa Longinett’s study of those living with HIV in South Africa examines the risk of volatile reactions found after sexual disclosure to their partners. What was found that the biggest indicator whether one would face volatile reactions were based upon their sex and their level of income: males with money were less at risk than males without, and males without high income were less likely than females withoutRead MoreSecurity Privacy Confidentiality of Health Information in the Philippines2076 Words   |  9 Pagesin healthcare. There are no SPC provisions in the Medical Act of 1959. Thrice in the Senate (by Dadivas, Cayetano, and Revilla), a Patient Bill of Rights was proposed, but none seem to have been passed. In the Magna Carta of Patients’ Rights, article 3 section 4 states the patients’ Right to Privacy and Confidentiality : The privacy of the patients must be assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to be free from unwarranted public exposure, except in the following cases:Read MoreFactors Associated with Non-Condom Use among Homosexuals1314 Words   |  6 Pagestransmitted infection (Bull, S et al, 2012). Although the risk of acquiring such infections is common among heterosexual couples, male to male sexual behaviour has been considered as the primary risk factor for STIs, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Geibel et al, 2010). The behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) and their sexual activities are well documented in several literatures; however, there has been little interventions done by authorities to prevent transmission due to its sociallyRead MoreStigma And Discrimination Face By People Living With Hiv / Aids2558 Words   |  11 PagesStigma and discrimination face by people living with HIV/AIDS The concept of â€Å"stigma† was thoroughly researched and defined by Roura et al., (2009) as â€Å"a special kind of relationship between attribute and stereotype† when the attribute is â€Å"deeply discrediting†. Although, literature on stigma is approximately 40 years old, it is still widely referenced to introduce the term and discuss its implications. All cultures have shared beliefs and meanings which help them interpret experiences and behavior

My Dad, My Hero Free Essays

Nikki Jones Prof. French English 1301 2/11/2013 My Dad Some people might say that the perfect dad does not exist, I don’t know what they know, but what I surely know is that my dad is perfect for me and he is the greatest grandfather. Everything my dad do is special to me, the way he dresses, the way he moves, the way he behave, the way he speaks etc. We will write a custom essay sample on My Dad, My Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now I just think that it could be greatest thing ever if I could ever meet a man half as great as my dad. My dad is a coach. He is usually wearing tennis shoes, sweatpants and a comfy t-shirt not in an I don’t care kind of look, but like an coach would look. Looking at him you can tell that he is very laid back and easy going. Just the other we were out to eat and this man walks up to him and says â€Å"You look like a coach. I need to talk to one. † However, if you know my dad like I do, you would know that he dresses in all kind of clothes, such as cheap, expensive, soft, formal, informal, etc. I really like it when he wears his suit that is when he his suit that is when he is the most handsome. My father is sort of a large built man standing around 5’10. I’m hesitating to call him fat because he is muscular but he does have a large round belly. He is mostly bald the little hair he does have is gray and he sort of walks like a penguin. He tells me when I was younger he would rock me to sleep on his belly. He is the kind of person that is interesting to listen. His voice is calming and soothing. Every time that I need to hear e an honest opinion, I always go with my father, because he gives me his opinion from the bottom of his heart. At other times when he wants to tell me something that his good or bad, he waits the perfect moment to tell me, it is usually somewhere where that is calm and relaxed. My dad always tries to give me his advice. Sometimes it might appear as I don’t listen or care but when he gives me some advice, it is very important and dear to me. He gives me the support that everyone needs, when my does give his support, I feel safe and very confident. My father is very soothing and affectionate and loving man. He always treats my mom with love and care no matter where and with whom. He wraps his big but soft hands around her shoulders and tells her that he loves her. He never fails to tell me and my siblings how much he loves and cares about us. I will look into his glowing brown eyes and they are shining every time he says to me and that’s how I know he means it. I remember when I was younger around 6 maybe. My sister and I was in the royal court at school they had all the fathers dance with the daughter(the sweethearts). We were fighting just about that entire week on he gets to dance with him. One the day of the dance he took both us by the hands and with us both. We both felt warm and secure in his arms. At that moment I knew that he would as be there for us, he would as love us and do whatever it is to keep us happy. I will always love him and hope one day to meet someone like him. How to cite My Dad, My Hero, Essay examples

My Dad, My Hero Free Essays

Nikki Jones Prof. French English 1301 2/11/2013 My Dad Some people might say that the perfect dad does not exist, I don’t know what they know, but what I surely know is that my dad is perfect for me and he is the greatest grandfather. Everything my dad do is special to me, the way he dresses, the way he moves, the way he behave, the way he speaks etc. We will write a custom essay sample on My Dad, My Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now I just think that it could be greatest thing ever if I could ever meet a man half as great as my dad. My dad is a coach. He is usually wearing tennis shoes, sweatpants and a comfy t-shirt not in an I don’t care kind of look, but like an coach would look. Looking at him you can tell that he is very laid back and easy going. Just the other we were out to eat and this man walks up to him and says â€Å"You look like a coach. I need to talk to one. † However, if you know my dad like I do, you would know that he dresses in all kind of clothes, such as cheap, expensive, soft, formal, informal, etc. I really like it when he wears his suit that is when he his suit that is when he is the most handsome. My father is sort of a large built man standing around 5’10. I’m hesitating to call him fat because he is muscular but he does have a large round belly. He is mostly bald the little hair he does have is gray and he sort of walks like a penguin. He tells me when I was younger he would rock me to sleep on his belly. He is the kind of person that is interesting to listen. His voice is calming and soothing. Every time that I need to hear e an honest opinion, I always go with my father, because he gives me his opinion from the bottom of his heart. At other times when he wants to tell me something that his good or bad, he waits the perfect moment to tell me, it is usually somewhere where that is calm and relaxed. My dad always tries to give me his advice. Sometimes it might appear as I don’t listen or care but when he gives me some advice, it is very important and dear to me. He gives me the support that everyone needs, when my does give his support, I feel safe and very confident. My father is very soothing and affectionate and loving man. He always treats my mom with love and care no matter where and with whom. He wraps his big but soft hands around her shoulders and tells her that he loves her. He never fails to tell me and my siblings how much he loves and cares about us. I will look into his glowing brown eyes and they are shining every time he says to me and that’s how I know he means it. I remember when I was younger around 6 maybe. My sister and I was in the royal court at school they had all the fathers dance with the daughter(the sweethearts). We were fighting just about that entire week on he gets to dance with him. One the day of the dance he took both us by the hands and with us both. We both felt warm and secure in his arms. At that moment I knew that he would as be there for us, he would as love us and do whatever it is to keep us happy. I will always love him and hope one day to meet someone like him. How to cite My Dad, My Hero, Essay examples

The Rose Review of the Teaching of Early Reading Findings and Recommendations Essay Example For Students

The Rose Review of the Teaching of Early Reading: Findings and Recommendations Essay The Rose Review of the Teaching of Early Reading: Findings and Recommendations BY KateP92 The Rose Review of the teaching of early reading (2006) identified that developing childrens positive attitudes to literacy, from the earliest stage is very important. Write a summary of the report which will inform practitioners of the main findings and recommendations regarding the teaching of reading. Discuss how the findings link to current curricular policy and practice in the teaching of reading. A debate has been rife in the UK over the past few years as to how best teach hildren to read, which culminated in an Independent Review of the Teaching of Early Reading. The Rose Review was published in March 2006, in light of Jim Roses findings it has become a legal obligation for schools to change the way they teach reading. Schools will be legally obliged to teach phonics and it will be formally built into the national curriculum. The report has recommended that there should be extra help for children who fall behind (Aldred, 2006). We will write a custom essay on The Rose Review of the Teaching of Early Reading: Findings and Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rose focused a lot on phonics and also referred to children who had difficulties learning to read. These findings will e discussed further throughout, also building upon the opinions of critics. It has been found that some are in favour of these findings where as some have been critical of the review who find certain faults with it. In this extensive review by Jim Rose there were many factors discussed in terms of the early reading process, one of the main points Rose focused on was the use of phonics in the process of early reading development. Rose (2006, p. ) states the systematic approach, which is generally understood as synthetic phonics, offers the vast majority of young children the most direct route to becoming skilled readers and riters. This implies phonics is a successful way of teaching reading, however Rose states that it will help the vast majority, noting that some children will need more help than others. By definition, phonics emphasises how spellings are related t o speech sounds in systematic ways; simply put,phonics refers to letter-sound relationships (Crane and Law, 2009, p. ). This consequently makes it easier for children to learn new words. The process is backed by significant research. Countless research-studies have been conducted on phonics instruction. Much of his research has focused on the usefulness of phonics instruction and the best ways to teach children about sound-spelling relationships (Blevins,1998, p. 9). It is suggested in the report that phonics would boost the literacy skills of pupils, because they are learning to assemble words and their meanings at a younger age. Usually by the age of five according to the report the majority of children should have developed their reading skills through the teaching of phonics. There is much evidence that this approach can be effective. Such as the Clackmannanshire, Scotland study, which Rose based some of his report on. We report here a study of the effectiveness of a synthetic phonics programme in teaching reading and spelling. by the synthetic phonics method, one by the standard analytic phonics method, and one by an analytic phonics programme that included systematic phonemic awareness teaching without reference to print. At the end of the programme, the synthetic phonics taught group were reading and spelling 7 months ahead of chronological age. They read words around 7 months ahead of the other two groups, and were 8 to 9 months ahead in spelling. The other two groups then carried out the synthetic phonics programme, completing it by the end of Primary 1 Oohnston and Watson, 2005, p. 8). This provides validity to the Rose Review as there have been significant longitudinal studies on phonics, that have proved to be successful. Hence the change and enthusiasm of the teaching of early reading by phonics in the report. However not everyone agrees with the findings drawn from the Rose Review. Some believe the teaching of reading through the use of phonics, could be too much of a simple approach, and that they shouldnt Just rely on this one example. As it was required to use phonics in the teaching of reading and not optional teachers may have felt a lot of pressure regarding this new approach. The teaching unions have questioned the governments reliance on a one size fits all approach, which may not necessarily suit all children. They say it should be left to teachers to Judge how best teach their pupils (Aldred, 2006). Although this evidence suggests some are against the report Rose reiterates why this teaching method needs to be re-introduced. Nearly half the schools visited did not give enough time to teaching children the rucial skill of blending (synthesising) sounds together. .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .postImageUrl , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:hover , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:visited , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:active { border:0!important; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:active , .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u608e3cf8ac4a46f6a9bf005dcc9ee17f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robin Hood, by Paul Creswick, is a story of great EssayInstead, teachers emphasised hearing and identifying the initial, final and the middle sounds in words. So even when children know sufficient letter-sound correspondences their lack of skill in blending sounds meant that they could not apply their knowledge to read words they had not seen before (Rose, 2006, p. 68). This goes to prove that steps had to be taken to improve the teaching of reading in schools, stating that phonics will also help them progress in other elements of reading, such as; speaking, listening and writing. The Rose Review also takes into consideration, the factors that can impact on reading development. Obviously, provision for teaching reading must fall within a well established, broader range of support for pupils learning English as an additional language, taking into account not only advanced bilingual learners but also those who are not so advanced, such as newly arrived learners of EAL, those with learning difficulties and those who may have special educational needs (Rose, 2006, p. 25). However there will surely always be significant problems with this such as; time and esources, the school could be in a deprived area, or overcrowding could be the case. Ellis says most current research shows that children need literacy teaching that is tailored to the individual. l dont think the English (phonics) systems works particularly well, she says. Those from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds need good, sharp, upfront teacher-driven interactive phonics right from the minute they start school (Ellis, cited in, Scott, 2010). This suggests it could take teachers a lot of time to find the correct way of introducing the teaching of phonics ecause every pupil has different needs. They may not be reaching their full progress. Therefore these considerations need to be taken into account and individual plans should be produced for children who have specific needs. It was suggested that phonics should be taught discreetly within the curriculum and also be made fun, this is where the role of the adult is important. It is clear that teachers and parents are role models, therefore the adult needs to support the child whilst they are learning to read. An early start on systematic phonic work is especially important for those children who do not have the dvantages of strong support for literacy at home (Rose, 2006, p. 32). It is evident that the support of an adult such as a teacher is crucial to helping a child through education, and equally as important as helping them read this will give them a stepping stone for later life experiences, if they have a positive role model within the school setting. Important, too, is the boost to childrens confidence, self-belief and attitudes to reading that is apparent when early phonic work is taught successfully within a language-rich curriculum (Rose, 2006, p. 33). By praising the child it is elping them gain confidence which will inevitably help their progress, therefore positive attitudes from adults will help support early reading development, whether it is in the home or an education based setting. As well as the adult building the childs confidence, there are also ways according to the Rose Report that phonics can be successful in the current curriculum. Obviously, the value of all six areas of learning must be acknowledged. However, the area of communication, language and literacy calls for carefully structured training that makes crystal clear, for example: how young children develop language; how their cquisition of language can be strengthened and enriched; how their language development is observed to make sure that any obstacles to progress are tackled early; how the precursors to reading and writing can help children make a good start on phonic work by the age of five (Rose, 2006, p. 0). As seen in the current curriculum teachers have different strategies in teaching phonics, as Rose suggested the teaching of phonics should be discreet, this can be seen in the classroom environment as teachers make the teaching of phonics fun, through varied activities and multi-sensory aids, such as; books, reading cards and aried activities to engage the child. There is also a guide to the teaching of phonics. Which according to the Rose Review needs to be followed as it is obligatory. The approved list of products and training will be in a catalogue to make it easier for schools to select products and training that best meet their requirements and the learning needs of their pupils. It will provide schools with a range of products and training that they can choose with the confidence that they all meet the criteria considered essential for good phonics teaching (Department for Education, 2012). This suggests these methods can be successful because there are clear guidelines to follow. .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .postImageUrl , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:hover , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:visited , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:active { border:0!important; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:active , .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bc39fc6c2f6675cf3a1b11eb44fa89c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mystery Cults EssayIt will also be easier for teachers to recognise what children need extra help, if they are finding it difficult to learn as they have certain guidelines to follow. However some may disagree, such as practitioners because they may not find this method introduced, they may not feel comfortable as it hasnt been used before. Previously the searchlight model was used. The searchlight model has now been eradicated from the current curriculum, following the findings of the Rose Report. The NLS advocated using the Searchlight odel for reading which included a mixed approach of whole words, phonics, contextual cues and memorisation of the high-frequency word lis ts (Ott, 2007, p. 41-42). Rose (2006, p. 74) stated when it was introduced in 1998, the searchlights model also encapsulated what was currently accepted as best practice in the teaching of reading. This had the advantage of making it easier to bring teachers on board to accept the NLS framework for teaching. The reason why Rose may have chosen to change the current curriculum is because the searchlights model was described as very ambitious. There is clear evidence as to why there may be some criticisms to the new proposed teaching of reading through phonics as it is a new method of teaching, and may find it is a significant change that they are not used to. That said Rose stresses the importance of the adult in the teaching of reading, and to see positive results must boost motivation to use this method. In conclusion, the introduction of phonics to teach reading has been controversial. It is clear that the government have backed the Rose Review in light of the findings. However the actual practitioners who have to teach through the use of phonics have ad reservations. All that said from evidence gathered it is clear that, if taught properly and the guidelines followed it can be successful, as there have been positive results from studies. Such as the Clackmannanshire, Scotland study. It needs to take into account individual needs for children in the classroom as they will all be at different stages with their reading when starting school. This furthermore stresses the importance of the adult, whether it be in the home or a school setting. They need to have positive attitudes and continue to praise and help children towards their oals to see significant results. AldredJ. (2006) Synthetic Phonics. Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/education/ 2006/mar/20/schools. uk. Last accessed 29th November 2012 Blevins,W. (1998) Phonics from A to Z. Scholastic Inc. Crane, D, K. Law, K. (2009) Book 1, Phonics. Teacher Created Resources, Inc. Department for Education. (2012) Funding for Phonics Teaching to Improve Childrens Teaching. Available at: http://www. ed. gov. uk/inthenews/inthenews/a0076456/ December 2012 Ellis, S. cited in Scott, K. (2010) Phonics: Lost in Translation. Available at: http:// www. guardian. co. k/education/2010/Jan/1 Wphonics-child-literacy. Last accessed 4th December 2012. Johsnton, R, S. Watson, J. (2005) The Effects of Synthetic Phonics Teaching on Reading and Spelling Attainment A Seven Year Longitudinal Study. Available at: http://www. scotland. gov. uk/resource/doc/36496/0023582. pdf. Last accessed 29th November 2012. Ott, P. (2007) How to Manage Spelling Successfully. Routledge. Rose, J. (2006) Independent Review of the Teaching of Early Reading. Available at: https://www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/ DFES-0201-2006. Last accessed: 4th December 2012.

The Incas essays

The Incas essays The Incas were South American Indian people who ruled one of the largest and richest empires in the Americas. The capital of the Incas was centered in Cusco, Peru. The Inca empire was conquered by Spanish forces soon after their arrival in 1532. The Inca were skilled in engineering and in crafts. They built a network of roads linking distant provinces of the empire, and their architecture is known for its great size and skillful construction. Overall Incas were very highly skilled people or professionals at heart. The Incas way of life was not like the Northern Americans way of life. The Incas may have been skilled in craftworks but they were not the most literate people around. They did not develop a writing system so until after the Spanish conquered them there were no written records about them. The Incas survived off of their farms. They did not have plows pulled by animals, in turn they had irrigation systems of their own they built. The main crops of the Inca were corn, potatoes, and oca. They used the corn to make chich, a type of beer. There were many different types of clothing styles for the Incas, it basically depended on what region you lived in. Some of the outfits consist of: alpacas, and llamas made of wool, cotton clothing, fine cloth and jewelry. Another different way of life of the Inca was that they lived in extended-families. The Incas back then were just like people now a days in ways too. Point being that they were determined by social rank. Religion back then was another way they were similar to todays society. They believed that their most important God, Viracocha created them. The Inca had no system of money. They normally would trade things to pay people, although the government controlled that. Other ways to get around other than their network of roads consisted of things such as suspension bridges that still are visible today. The government of the Inca were ruled b...

Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis 6 Care Plans for Any Patient

Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis 6 Care Plans for Any Patient SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is an issue that affects millions of people around the world. If not properly treated, hypertension can lead to serious issues, including heart attack or stroke. That means it’s imperative to have an accurate nursing diagnosis for hypertension as well as an effective care plan. After explaining what hypertension is, what causes it, and what common symptoms are, this guide explains six key hypertension nursing diagnoses. For each diagnosis, the NANDA definition, potential evidence, and desired outcomes are explained, as well as steps to take for the nursing intervention. Nursing Diagnosis for Hypertension: What Is It? Normal blood pressure is when blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time. A patient is diagnosed with hypertension, the medical term for high blood pressure, when their blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg most of the time. There are several levels of hypertension: Normal Blood Pressure: Lower than 120/ 80 Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 Stage 1 Hypertension: 140-159/90-99 Stage 2 Hypertension: 160+/100+ Hypertension can be dangerous because it can make the heart work harder to pump blood to the body, which can increase the risk of heart failure, stroke, and hardening of the arteries. What Causes Hypertension? The exact cause of hypertension is not often known. Primary (or essential) hypertension is when hypertension has no known cause, or there is no evidence to link it to a specific cause. Primary hypertension makes up about 90% of all hypertension cases. Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that does have an identifiable cause. Potential causes of hypertension (primary or secondary) include: Being overweight or obese Smoking Genetics/family history of hypertension A diet high in salt Consuming more than 1-2 alcoholic drinks a day Stress Old age Lack of exercise Sleep apnea Kidney disease Thyroid disorders Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension Hypertension does not always cause symptoms; in fact, about a third of people who have hypertension don’t know they have it because of no or few symptoms. Below are some of the most common symptoms of hypertension: Headache Ringing or buzzing in the ears Fatigue Irregular heartbeat Confusion or dizziness Nosebleed Blurred vision Difficulty breathing Chest pain Blood in the urine Nursing Care Plans for Hypertension Once a patient is found to have high blood pressure, it’s important to follow the appropriate nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan for hypertension in order to reduce the effects of hypertension and keep the patient’s health and quality of life high. Below are six nursing care plans for hypertension. These six care plans cover the main issues associated with hypertension. Each one includes its own nursing diagnosis, NANDA definition, possible signs of evidence, desired outcome, and nursing interventions. Use the NANDA definition and potential evidence to determine the correct nursing care plan for hypertension. Some patients may require multiple care plans. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #1: Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output NANDA Definition: Inadequate blood pumped by the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body. Possibly Evidenced By: N/A. This intervention is used to in order to prevent decreased cardiac output from occurring. Desired Outcomes: Show stable cardiac rhythm and rate. Maintain blood pressure within an acceptable range. Participate in activities that lower blood pressure and cardiac load. Interventions: Check patient’s lab data (cardiac markers, blood cell count, electrolytes, ABGs, etc.) to determine contributing factors. Monitor and record blood pressure in both arms and thighs Measure blood pressure in both hands. Auscultation of breath sounds and heart rhythm. Observe patient’s skin color, temperature, and capillary refill time. Advise the patient on reducing sodium intake, if needed. Administer medication, if needed. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #2: Acute Pain (Typically Headache) NANDA Definition: Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever the person says it does; an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage sudden or slow onset of any intensity from mild to severe with an anticipated or predictable end and a duration of. Possibly Evidenced By: Patient reports throbbing pain in head, most often upon awakening. Changes in appetite. Patient reports neck stiffness, blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, and/or vomiting. Desired Outcomes: Patient states they are no longer suffering from a headache and appear comfortable and pain-free. Interventions: Determine the specifics of the pain, such as intensity, where it is located, and how long it has been going on. Note the patient’s attitude towards pain and any history of substance abuse. Encourage rest during severe pain episodes. Recommend methods of relief, such as neck and back rubs, applying cool cloths to the forehead, and avoiding bright lights. Limit how much the patient moves around. Provide medication, if needed. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #3: Activity Intolerance NANDA Definition: Insufficient physiological or psychological energy to endure or complete required or desired daily activities. Possibly Evidenced By: Patient reporting weakness or fatigue. Abnormal heart rate as a result of activity. Exertional discomfort or dyspnea. Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes reflecting ischemia; dysrhythmias. Desired Outcomes: Patient participates in necessary and/or desired activities. Uses identified techniques to enhance activity tolerance. Reports a measurable increase in his/her tolerance for activity. Demonstrates a decrease in noticeable signs of intolerance. Interventions: Note each of the factors that contribute to fatigue (age, health, illness, etc.). Evaluate the patient’s degree of activity intolerance and when it occurs. Monitor how the patient responds to activity (pulse, heart rate, chest pain, dizziness, excessive fatigue, etc.). Explain energy conserving techniques (shower chairs, sitting to brush teeth, etc.). Assess any emotional factors that may be contributing to activity intolerance (such as depression or anxiety). Encourage the patient to engage in self-care and progressive activity when possible. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #4: Ineffective Coping NANDA Definition: Inability to form a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use available resources. Possibly Evidenced By: Patient states he/she is unable to cope; patient asks for help. Worry, irritability, anxiety, and/or depression as a result of hypertension diagnosis. Destructive behavior such as overeating, lack of appetite; excessive smoking/drinking, and/or alcohol abuse Desired Outcomes: Patient can identify his/her ineffective coping techniques and their consequences. Verbalizes awareness of own coping abilities. Identifies potentially stressful situations and takes steps to avoid or modify them. Shows the use of effective coping skills. Interventions: Determine what specific areas the patient has difficulty coping with. Assess the effectiveness of the patient’s current coping skills and where improvements can be made. Help the patient identify specific stressors and how to cope with them. Work with the patient to develop a care plan, and encourage participation in the plan. Help the patient identify and begin planning for necessary lifestyle changes. Encourage the patient to evaluate his/her priorities and goals in life. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #5: Imbalanced Nutrition (More Than Body Requirements) NANDA Definition: Intake of nutrients that exceeds metabolic needs. Possibly Evidenced By: Patient’s weight is 10%–20% more than ideal his/her height and frame. Reported or observed dysfunctional eating patterns. Desired Outcomes: Patient understands the relationship between hypertension and obesity. Initiates/maintains an appropriate exercise program. Shows changes in eating patterns, such as food choice and/or quantity, to attain a healthier body weight. Interventions: Assess the patient’s understanding of the relationship between hypertension and obesity. Discuss the relationship between hypertension and obesity with the patient. Discuss the need for a decreased caloric intake, as well as a limited intake of salt, sugar, and fat. Determine the patient’s desire to lose weight. Help the patient establish a realistic exercise plan. Help the patient establish a realistic nutrition plan. Refer the patient to a nutritionist, if needed. Hypertension Nursing Diagnosis #6: Knowledge Deficit NANDA Definition: Absence or deficiency of cognitive information related to a specific topic. Possibly Evidenced By: Verbalization of the problem. Patient requires information or more information, or he/she doesn’t understand the information given. Patient inaccurately follows instructions. Patient appears agitated, hostile, or upset when the condition and ways for managing it are discussed. Desired Outcomes: Patient can express his/her knowledge of the management and treatment of hypertension. Patient correctly uses the drugs they are prescribed and understand their side effects. Interventions: Determine what information the patient currently understands. Assess readiness and blocks to learning. Include the patient’s partner, if possible. Describe the nature of hypertension, how it affects different parts of the body, and how it can be treated. Avoid using the term â€Å"normal BP†. Instead use the term â€Å"well-controlled† to describe patient’s BP within desired limits. Discuss with the patient changes he/she can make in order to manage hypertension. Discuss the importance of maintaining a stable weight. Discuss the need for low-calorie diet, low in sodium to order. Help the patient create a schedule for taking medications. Direct the patient to other resources that can be used to better understand and manage hypertension. Review: Diagnosing and Treating Hypertension Hypertension, the medical term for high blood pressure, is an issue that can have serious and long-term health effects if it isn’t properly managed. Therefore, having an effective nursing care plan for hypertension is important. While it’s often difficult to pinpoint the cause of hypertension, high blood pressure may be caused by the weight, smoking, high sodium intake, and/or genetics, as well as other factors. Some symptoms of hypertension can include headache, dizziness, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and/or chest pain, although some patients with hypertension don’t show any symptoms. There are six key nursing diagnoses for hypertension. Risk for decreased cardiac output Acute pain (typically headache) Activity intolerance Ineffective coping Imbalanced nutrition (more than body requirements) Knowledge deficit For each nursing diagnosis for hypertension, it’s important to know the NANDA definition, possible signs of evidence, desired outcome, and nursing interventions. What's Next? Thinking about exploring a career in healthcare administration? Read our complete guide to getting a healthcare administration degree, with explanations for what levels of qualification you need for different careers.

Portrait photographer interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Portrait photographer interview - Essay Example instructor. I come from a family of six children, I am the third born in the family, and I have three children, Sarah, Samuelle, and Susan (Somerstein 1). I am also a professional Portrait Photographer discovered as a little girl. I took my very first photos during the Vietnam War, and since then I have been hooked on photography (Somerstein 1). I became a professional photographer back in 1970, when the Rolling Stones magazine looked at my work and decided to sign me on as their photographer. the world. Photography is my life. When I take a photograph, I feel an essence of communication between me and the person am taking the photograph of. It is a new learning experience for me every time. publicly accepted photograph was that of John Lennon during my time at Rolling stones, it would be safe to say that I â€Å"made it† in the 1980s, which was ten years after I started working professionally. So it took me around ten years before I got my big break. because, when I like something or someone, I take a photo of them. To me portrait photography is the best way to get to know people better, to communicate with them, and learn more about them. Portrait photography is reality, which is what I want to experience when I take photographs to photography, photographers such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Frank Robert were my biggest influence (Somerstein 1). They have a way of using their photography as a toll for personal reportage. The photographs they take are merely a report of what is, no additions, no subtractions, just a graphical representation of reality. Stones magazine and Vanity Fair. They have all been big projects for you and you have executed each project remarkably. Now, am curious, how do you get work? Do your clients look for you? Or are you the one who looks for them? and for that reason, I needed to gather as many customers as possible for my work. I still do up to date but at the moment, it is the clients who come

Where do the mexican drug cartels obtain their weapons from Assignment

Where do the mexican drug cartels obtain their weapons from - Assignment Example However, the increasing use of various ammunitions has led to many questions on where the weapons are being smuggled from with the Mexican government leaving responsibility in great aspect on the cheap and easy access of the weapons from the ready markets in the U.S.A. Mexico has deflected responsibility to the cartels wars away from itself and onto the United states on the question â€Å"Where do Mexican drug cartels obtain their weapons from?’’.The government blames it all on America by promoting the insatiable American appetite for narcotics and the continuous flow off guns that stream from United States into Mexico and then fueling the violence on cartels wars resulting from narcotics smuggling.1 The developing brutality in Mexico is connected with few â€Å"large, sophisticated and vicious criminal organizations† engaged in the illicit drug trade. Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) have also increasingly engaged in public conflicts and assassinations of Mexican officials. The DTOs attempts to exert political and social control mean their plan to extend their energy past what may ordinarily be connected with criminal conglomerations. Case in point, medicate weapons have upheld their particular laws and even infringe "expenses like expenses" as a method of supporting social and geographic control over trafficking regions. 2 1Malcolm Beith, The Last Narco (New York: Grove Press, 2010), 12. 2Jacqui Goddard, Interpol agent passed information to Beltran-Leyva cartel in Mexico (London: Times, 2008), 23. U.S. and Mexican government authorities gauge that DTOs basically utilize weapons beginning as a part of the United States, and evaluates that many firearms are snuck into Mexico each year, frequently coordinated by the DTOs themselves. The United States has practically 7000 firearm stores along the Mexican fringe. The private declaration by the US authorities that 90% of the weapons utilized by the Mexican medication cartels hail from the United States is true. Notwithstanding, a nearby examination of the motion of the cartel wars in Mexico however how the asserted rate exhibits, is more talk than the accurate experimental certainty. Drug trafficking violence in Mexico has reached epidemic proportions and has greatly impacted on both Mexican and United States governments. Despite the increased fight of the ‘war on drugs’’ the illegal smuggling within both nations continues to cause violence and even increase the purchase of illegal firearms from United states to Mexico and also from corrupt authorities in Mexico and from other countries. A drive to reduce the illegal firearms in Mexico has been tightened but it still proves to be a challenge for the various operations. The weapons have been coming from within Mexico, United States and other countries as research has showed.3 An investigation of the Operation Fast and Furious and other law implementation endeavors to stop guns trafficking and seda te cartel roughness in Mexico, shows that the improvement and plans of the aforementioned operations need a more exhaustive approach to the issues challenging Mexico and United States. The question on â€Å"where Mexico drug cartels obtain weapons from† raises a growing concern too clearly.4 3Ioan Grillo, El Narco: The Bloody Rise of Mexican Drug Cartels (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012), 23. 4Aire Gutierrez Jose, Blood, Death, Drugs & Sex in Old Mexico (Mexico: CreateSpace, 2012), 12. Ascertain about the sources of the firearms and the trafficking path by the cartels which have been causing violence in Me

The Structure and Function of Cells

The Structure and Function of Cells EUKARYOTIC CELL DESCRIPTION/FUNCTION: A. CELL MEMBRANE AND THE FUNCTIONS: CELL MEMBRANE Also called the plasma membrane gives mechanical strength to the cell. Its unique structure enables itself to serve as molecular traffic regulator. It is 5 up to 10 um in thickness. It also exhibits fluid mosaic nature, seal itsef if broken. B. THE CYTOPLASM AND ITS ORGANELLES CYTOPLASM A mass of jelly-like material that is somewhat grayish or colorless, translucent and viscous It can change from semi solid to semi liquid. C. CELL ORGANELLES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) is the transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications and specific destinations, as compared to molecules that will float freely in the cytoplasm. ER has two forms: the rough ER and the smooth ER. RIBOSOMES The ribosome is a large complex composed of many molecules, including RNAs and proteins, and is responsible for processing the genetic instructions carried by an mRNA. Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm or sometimes bind to another organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum MITOCHONDRIA are self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have two functionally distinct membrane systems separated by a space: the outer membrane, which surrounds the whole organelle; and the inner membrane, which is thrown into folds or shelves that project inward. These inward folds are called cristae. Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy in the eukaryotic cell, and this process involves a number of complex pathways GOLGI BODIES OR GOLGI APPARATUS (also called the golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell. LYSOSOMES are often referred to as the garbage disposal system of a cell. digest foreign bacteria that invade a cell. helping to recycle receptor proteins and other membrane components and degrading worn out organelles such as mitochondria. Lysosomes can even help repair damage to the plasma membrane by serving as a membrane patch, sealing the wound. MICROBODIES Variety of organelles similar to lysosome but contains different enzymes. One of these is the glyxoxysomes present in some plant, another is peroxisomes which contain powerful oxidative enzymes. CYTOSKELETON Microtubules that provide support to the internal system of cell thus, it provides support and shape. Also provides pathways for certain cellular molecules to move. VACUOLES Membrane- bound, fluid- filled spaces found in both animal and plant cell but bigger in plant cell. The vacuolar membrane is also called tonoplast and they contain liquid cell sap. MICROFILAMENTS Are long thread like extremely thin filaments first seen in skeletal muscle cells that gives the cell a striped appearance. CENTRIOLES Small dark bodies located just outside the nucleus of most animal cells. They are cylindrical structures and two of them lie close together. Associated in the spindle fibers of dividing animal cells. PLASTIDS Are cytoplasmic orhanelles found in cells of most plants. NUCLEUS It houses the cells chromosomes and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occur. The nucleus is spheroid in shape and separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the nuclear envelope. CELL WALL a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure. cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant. CHLOROPLASTS are similar to mitochondria but are found only in plants. Chloroplasts convert light energy from the sun into ATP through a process called photosynthesis. CENTROSOME (also called the microtubule organizing center) a small body located near the nucleus it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. GRANUM (plural grana) A stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast is called a granum. NUCLEOLUS an organelle within the nucleus it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL Basis of Comparison Plant cells Animal cells 1. plasma membrane present Present 2. Cell wall present Absent 3. Lysosome Absent Present 4. Plastids Present Absent 5. Vacuoles Small but many Large but fewer 6. Chloroplast present Absent PROKARYOTIC CELL A TYPICAL BACTERIAL CELL DESCRIPTION/FUNCTION: 1. NUCLEOID a nuclear region where the chromosomal matter is found. DNA in the bacterial cell is generally confined to this central region. Though it isnt bounded by a membrane, it is visibly distinct from the rest of the cell interior. Prokaryotic cells genome usually consists of a single, large, circular DNA molecule 2. RIBOSOMES give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs. Though smaller than the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, these inclusions have a similar function in translating the genetic message in messenger RNA into the production of peptide sequences. 3. VESICLES relatively small and enclosed compartments, separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. If they have only one lipid bilayer, they are called unilamellar vesicles; otherwise they are called multilamellar. 4. CAPSULE a layer of polysaccharide (sometimes proteins) that protects the bacterial cell and is often associated with pathogenic bacteria because it serves as a barrier against phagocytosis by white blood cells. 5. CELL WALL is composed of peptidoglycan (polysaccharides + protein), the cell wall maintains the overall shape of a bacterial cell. The three primary shapes in bacteria are coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillum (spiral). Mycoplasma are bacteria that have no cell wall and therefore have no definite shape. 6. PLASMA MEMBRANE is a lipid bilayer much like the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane of other cells. There are numerous proteins moving within or upon this layer that are primarily responsible for transport of ions, nutrients and waste across the membrane. 7. PILI are hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer from one bacterial cell to another. Pili (sing., pilus) are also called fimbriae (sing., fimbria). 8. FLAGELLA The purpose of flagella (sing., flagellum) is motility. Flagella are long appendages which rotate by means of a motor located just under the cytoplasmic membrane. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL Basis of Comparison Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic Cell 1. Nuclear Membrane Absent Present 2. Chromosomes Single Multiple 3. ER Absent Present 4. Golgi apparatus Absent Present 5. Lysosomes Absent Present 6. Mitochondria Absent Present 7. Ribosome Small Large

Toyota

Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can't enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won't easily switched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2.Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don't own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they're cheaper and better spe cifications such as Hand's new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry.When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile companies are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models.B. Soot Analysis Strengths Us period productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and m arket efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 2009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation The retreats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition Weakening demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C.PEST Analysis Political Factors Laws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being allowed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm's profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole.If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession. Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing many profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm's overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals.It would be wise for TM to continue its research developments to improve th e company's value and reputation. IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford's Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System .With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force. Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site Of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1 984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands.A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems. Market Segmentation Toast's most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the relied automotive market. Toast's uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile.Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone. V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, s ales plummeted thereby effecting the company's position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company's brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality.Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles . It must enhance customers service as full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn't be copied or duplicated.Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization . Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize n this opportunity and invest more on hybrid R and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VII.Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles. Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have posed serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting customer demands offer Opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to attain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing.The organizati on is doing well in this regard and competes with the world's top car manufacturing firms . However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory. They should focus on the quality and designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars.T MAC needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration Of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company's goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. Also, Toyota needs to reanalyze its Research and Developmental Centers. It is through these centers that technologies are observed and tested to bring about the best possible and safe product for the consu mer to use. There needs to be a construction of the company as a whole. Toyota Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can't enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won't easily witched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2.Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don't own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they're cheaper and better spec ifications such as Hand's new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry.When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile impasse are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models.B. Soot Analysis Strengths Superior productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and marke t efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank Of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation Threats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition Weakening demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C. PEST Analysis Political FactorsLaws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being followed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm's profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole. If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession.Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing company profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm's overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals. It would be wise for T MAC to continue its research developments to improve the company's value and reputation.IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford's Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System . With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force.Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems.Market Segmentation Toast's most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the worldwide automotive market. Toast's uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry'. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile. Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone.V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, s ales plummeted thereby affecting the company's position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company's brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality. Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles .It must enhance customers service s full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn't be copied or duplicated. Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization .Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize on this opportunity and invest more on hybrid R&D and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VI'. Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles.Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have used serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting Customer demands offer opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to retain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing. The organiza tion is doing well in this regard and competes with the world's top car manufacturing firms -However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory.They should focus on the quality ND designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars. TM needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company's goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. Toyota Toyota, one of the most renowned auto company started having a problem around in 1998 when it failed o store its new brand product Lexus’s data’s ineffectively. Though all it did not happen on purpose, but accidentally the Lexus Company could not fulfil the requirement and satisfaction of its customer in its early trail of database maintenance. Lexus the Toyotas high end luxury system had implemented a Corporate Customer information System in which there were some problems seen regarding the recording of customer information and override of wrong information of the customer data. Though the company had best tried to save that customer information in a appropriate manner but due to the system deficiency the company was having a massive data quality problem. This problem aroused because the company failed to maintain and implement a central database system where all he customer information would be stored in a central database, which when required would display the multi branches customer information. The company had 15 different databases stored in 15 different parts of the company, where the individual company would only access their local data stored by the local branch. In words of Management we can correlate this problem as lack of centralised authority to data control, storing, maintenance and update of recent transactions. The world of Information Technology as compared to the Management is quite controversial. Controversial in a sense that, in proper management Decentralization and Delegation of authority is required to achieve the best results in efficient management performances while as in terms of Information Technology, it requires the access, storage, support and maintenance of centralised database system in order to keep the up to date records of every activities performed everyday to track down the right solution to the problem. An efficient Information System demands the availability of information and resources however and whenever demanded at any point of request. The database Toyota Lexus ha designed was to store all its customer info which would help when the system was asked to provide the customer details of the owner for organizational purpose. The objective LEXUS had established to serve its customer via maintaining a customer dataset could not be fulfilled as the purpose of developing a database could no be fulfilled as it resulted to various problems in miscommunication of information all around. The ownership of the vehicles ad been transferred to the people who did not even had the ownership license, the cheques were paid to the person who were even not entitled to receive and the legitimate information were passed where there had been frequent problems of fake customer identity. The customer details failed to validate the right owners of the vehicles which as a result led to a problem of data loss. Because of the problem, Toyota would return the owners car fixed, washed filled with fuel. Cheques were made payable to the people whom it did not even belonged to. CASE EXAMPLES Example: 1 http://www. internetautoguide. om/auto-recalls/09-int/1998/lexus/gs400/index. html APR 17, 1998 | Recall ID# 50473 Hide Details |Recall Reason |SUSPENSION:AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL (ASC) | |Recall Date |APR 17, 1998 | |Model Affected |GS400 | |Potential Units Affected |14855 | Recall Summary | |VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. DUE TO A MANUFACTURING DEFECT OF THE YAW RATE SENSOR FOR THE VEHICLE STABILITY | |CONTROL (VSC), THE VSC CAN OPERATE IMPROPERLY IF THE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, SUCH AS FROM A | |CELLULAR PHONE. | |Consequence | |SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BRAKE MAY OPERATE UNEXPECTEDLY, AFFECTING STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A | |VEHICLE CRASH. |Remedy | |DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE YAW RATE SENSOR. | |Notes | |TOYOTA MOTOR CO. , LTD. | Example 2: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas Question I have a 1 998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Submitted: 11 days and 23 hours ago. Category:  Lexus Value:  ? 7 Status:  CLOSED + Read  More Optional Information Year: 1998 Make: Lexus Model: ES300 Already Tried: I have a 1998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Accepted Answer Hi, Your particular vehicle uses a mechanical, cable connection from the gas pedal to the throttle body as opposed to the electrical servo type throttles involved in the numerous recall related problems. Because of that, there would be no directly correlation between the two vehicles. That being said, there are 3 typical causes for sticking throttle in your vehicle. Least likely, but easiest to check is the infamous â€Å"floor mat obstruction†. This is typically noticeable while driving if your floor mat is interfering with the cable, but worth checking regardless. Second, is a worn out throttle cable. This is the cable that connects the gas pedal to the throttle body. Vehicles in northern states that have more issues with rust/corrosion are more likely to see a problem here. The cable is a thin metal wire sheathed in a plastic coating. As the exposed area of metal wire corrodes from environmental elements, it widens the cable making it more difficult to travel inside the cable sheath, often sticking. You can check this condition by operating the throttle body by hand an monitoring the cable to see if there is any resistance going into the sheath or if it travels smoothly. Lastly, and most common, is buildup of carbon/oil elements in the throttle body. Because of the ventilation system required by law, the throttle body is exposed to oil vapor from inside the engine via breathing hoses in the intake. Over time this builds up into a layer of hardened, baked-on oil inside the throttle body, right where the throttle plate needs to move. Due to it being softer than the metal throttle plate, the throttle plate always wins when it gets stuck, but the oil buildup does create resistance that will intermittently stick the throttle in position. Having the throttle body cleaned to prevent this should be done every 15k miles on this car for full assurance, or 30k miles at minimum for normal operation. Typical cost for cleaning is 1/2 hour labor (normal â€Å"minimum charge† at many shops), about $45 depending on the shops labor rate. pic] |Expert:   |Doug Cleland | |Pos. Feedback:   |100. 0 % | |Accepts:   |12 | |Answered:   |2/16/2010 | ASE Certified Technician Toyota Factory training and worked for a heavily Lexus trafficked Toyota store Read more: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas#ixzz0grgbynyy Example 3: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html Featured 1998 Recalls [pic] | |1998 Lexus LX470 | |Before you purchase a used car, make sure you check our comprehensive auto recall information to see if there are any | |problems that have been reported by the NHTSA. You can get detailed information on how and where to fix the car defect. | |Recall:   EXTERIOR LIGHTING : HEADLIGHTS | | | | | | | | | | Read more: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html#ixzz0grjp1yvD Take a noteworthy case in 1998. Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) responded to a recurring service problem with its Lexus vehicles by contacting owners, then picking up their vehicles, taking them in for repairs and leaving loaner cars as replacements. When done, the owners' cars were returned—fixed, washed and tanked up. That level of service was made possible by TMS's Corporate Customer Information System, an application used by the company's call center in Iowa to help handle warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance and other service requests. But 1998 didn't go altogether smoothly. Relying on data in that system, TMS began to mail checks to Lexus owners to replace troublesome tires. The checks, for more than $400 each, in some cases went to people who didn't even own a Lexus. One errant check even found its way to a Toyota auditor, for a vehicle he hadn't owned for a while. â€Å"You can imagine the repercussions of that,† says John Gonzales, data quality manager at TMS. â€Å"We can't afford to be giving money away to people who shouldn't be getting it. † The glitch was symptomatic of a bigger problem. The system depended on customer data stored in â€Å"roughly 15 databases in different parts of company,† says Gonzales. Just to get to all the data about a customer, call center employees would have to navigate through four or five mainframe applications, while customers waited. The glitch resulted in a mandate from Toyota's office of the president for a centralized, single customer database. And Gonzales was tagged to make it happen. â€Å"The main goal was to service customers' calls quicker,† he says. But also, â€Å"as the volume of calls went up, we didn't want to increase the number of people in the call center. † Finding a way to pull off the consolidation turned out to be no mean feat. Gonzales and his team looked at a procession of products purportedly offering business intelligence,† but none fit the bill. Then, a solution was nearly dropped into his lap. While attending a Toyota Toyota, one of the most renowned auto company started having a problem around in 1998 when it failed o store its new brand product Lexus’s data’s ineffectively. Though all it did not happen on purpose, but accidentally the Lexus Company could not fulfil the requirement and satisfaction of its customer in its early trail of database maintenance. Lexus the Toyotas high end luxury system had implemented a Corporate Customer information System in which there were some problems seen regarding the recording of customer information and override of wrong information of the customer data. Though the company had best tried to save that customer information in a appropriate manner but due to the system deficiency the company was having a massive data quality problem. This problem aroused because the company failed to maintain and implement a central database system where all he customer information would be stored in a central database, which when required would display the multi branches customer information. The company had 15 different databases stored in 15 different parts of the company, where the individual company would only access their local data stored by the local branch. In words of Management we can correlate this problem as lack of centralised authority to data control, storing, maintenance and update of recent transactions. The world of Information Technology as compared to the Management is quite controversial. Controversial in a sense that, in proper management Decentralization and Delegation of authority is required to achieve the best results in efficient management performances while as in terms of Information Technology, it requires the access, storage, support and maintenance of centralised database system in order to keep the up to date records of every activities performed everyday to track down the right solution to the problem. An efficient Information System demands the availability of information and resources however and whenever demanded at any point of request. The database Toyota Lexus ha designed was to store all its customer info which would help when the system was asked to provide the customer details of the owner for organizational purpose. The objective LEXUS had established to serve its customer via maintaining a customer dataset could not be fulfilled as the purpose of developing a database could no be fulfilled as it resulted to various problems in miscommunication of information all around. The ownership of the vehicles ad been transferred to the people who did not even had the ownership license, the cheques were paid to the person who were even not entitled to receive and the legitimate information were passed where there had been frequent problems of fake customer identity. The customer details failed to validate the right owners of the vehicles which as a result led to a problem of data loss. Because of the problem, Toyota would return the owners car fixed, washed filled with fuel. Cheques were made payable to the people whom it did not even belonged to. CASE EXAMPLES Example: 1 http://www. internetautoguide. om/auto-recalls/09-int/1998/lexus/gs400/index. html APR 17, 1998 | Recall ID# 50473 Hide Details |Recall Reason |SUSPENSION:AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL (ASC) | |Recall Date |APR 17, 1998 | |Model Affected |GS400 | |Potential Units Affected |14855 | Recall Summary | |VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. DUE TO A MANUFACTURING DEFECT OF THE YAW RATE SENSOR FOR THE VEHICLE STABILITY | |CONTROL (VSC), THE VSC CAN OPERATE IMPROPERLY IF THE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, SUCH AS FROM A | |CELLULAR PHONE. | |Consequence | |SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BRAKE MAY OPERATE UNEXPECTEDLY, AFFECTING STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A | |VEHICLE CRASH. |Remedy | |DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE YAW RATE SENSOR. | |Notes | |TOYOTA MOTOR CO. , LTD. | Example 2: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas Question I have a 1 998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Submitted: 11 days and 23 hours ago. Category:  Lexus Value:  ? 7 Status:  CLOSED + Read  More Optional Information Year: 1998 Make: Lexus Model: ES300 Already Tried: I have a 1998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Accepted Answer Hi, Your particular vehicle uses a mechanical, cable connection from the gas pedal to the throttle body as opposed to the electrical servo type throttles involved in the numerous recall related problems. Because of that, there would be no directly correlation between the two vehicles. That being said, there are 3 typical causes for sticking throttle in your vehicle. Least likely, but easiest to check is the infamous â€Å"floor mat obstruction†. This is typically noticeable while driving if your floor mat is interfering with the cable, but worth checking regardless. Second, is a worn out throttle cable. This is the cable that connects the gas pedal to the throttle body. Vehicles in northern states that have more issues with rust/corrosion are more likely to see a problem here. The cable is a thin metal wire sheathed in a plastic coating. As the exposed area of metal wire corrodes from environmental elements, it widens the cable making it more difficult to travel inside the cable sheath, often sticking. You can check this condition by operating the throttle body by hand an monitoring the cable to see if there is any resistance going into the sheath or if it travels smoothly. Lastly, and most common, is buildup of carbon/oil elements in the throttle body. Because of the ventilation system required by law, the throttle body is exposed to oil vapor from inside the engine via breathing hoses in the intake. Over time this builds up into a layer of hardened, baked-on oil inside the throttle body, right where the throttle plate needs to move. Due to it being softer than the metal throttle plate, the throttle plate always wins when it gets stuck, but the oil buildup does create resistance that will intermittently stick the throttle in position. Having the throttle body cleaned to prevent this should be done every 15k miles on this car for full assurance, or 30k miles at minimum for normal operation. Typical cost for cleaning is 1/2 hour labor (normal â€Å"minimum charge† at many shops), about $45 depending on the shops labor rate. pic] |Expert:   |Doug Cleland | |Pos. Feedback:   |100. 0 % | |Accepts:   |12 | |Answered:   |2/16/2010 | ASE Certified Technician Toyota Factory training and worked for a heavily Lexus trafficked Toyota store Read more: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas#ixzz0grgbynyy Example 3: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html Featured 1998 Recalls [pic] | |1998 Lexus LX470 | |Before you purchase a used car, make sure you check our comprehensive auto recall information to see if there are any | |problems that have been reported by the NHTSA. You can get detailed information on how and where to fix the car defect. | |Recall:   EXTERIOR LIGHTING : HEADLIGHTS | | | | | | | | | | Read more: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html#ixzz0grjp1yvD Take a noteworthy case in 1998. Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) responded to a recurring service problem with its Lexus vehicles by contacting owners, then picking up their vehicles, taking them in for repairs and leaving loaner cars as replacements. When done, the owners' cars were returned—fixed, washed and tanked up. That level of service was made possible by TMS's Corporate Customer Information System, an application used by the company's call center in Iowa to help handle warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance and other service requests. But 1998 didn't go altogether smoothly. Relying on data in that system, TMS began to mail checks to Lexus owners to replace troublesome tires. The checks, for more than $400 each, in some cases went to people who didn't even own a Lexus. One errant check even found its way to a Toyota auditor, for a vehicle he hadn't owned for a while. â€Å"You can imagine the repercussions of that,† says John Gonzales, data quality manager at TMS. â€Å"We can't afford to be giving money away to people who shouldn't be getting it. † The glitch was symptomatic of a bigger problem. The system depended on customer data stored in â€Å"roughly 15 databases in different parts of company,† says Gonzales. Just to get to all the data about a customer, call center employees would have to navigate through four or five mainframe applications, while customers waited. The glitch resulted in a mandate from Toyota's office of the president for a centralized, single customer database. And Gonzales was tagged to make it happen. â€Å"The main goal was to service customers' calls quicker,† he says. But also, â€Å"as the volume of calls went up, we didn't want to increase the number of people in the call center. † Finding a way to pull off the consolidation turned out to be no mean feat. Gonzales and his team looked at a procession of products purportedly offering business intelligence,† but none fit the bill. Then, a solution was nearly dropped into his lap. While attending a