The Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1494 Words

Every action has an opposite and equal reaction. Many people believe in karma, the idea that personal actions dictate future endeavors, and do good deeds to ensure that they live a prosperous life. The logic is that if a person commits negative actions, negative events will happen to them. A prime example of this ideology is found in the play Hamlet. Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, was composed in 1601 following the death of Shakespeare’s son, Hamlet. The play focuses on the prince of Denmark, Hamlet, as he discovers the truth about his father s death and the events that follow. Shortly after the death of Hamlet’s father, Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, marries Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius. Hamlet does not agree with the marriage of his†¦show more content†¦To expand, Laertes responds to Hamlet by explaining, â€Å" in my terms of honor/ I stand aloof; and will no reconcilement/ Till by some elder masters, of known honor,/ I have a voice and prece dent of peace/ To keep my name ungored.†(247-251). Laertes’s tone is nothing of acceptance and disregards Hamlet’s apology. Laertes tells Hamlet that until a master or honor explains to him how to forgive Hamlet without tarnishing his name; he will not. Laertes does not express forgiveness and plans to revenge the death of his father, which leads to his own death. If Laertes moves past the murder of Polonius and does not plan to murder Hamlet, he would not parish. The inability of Laertes to forgive and attempt to understand Hamlet’s apology subsequently affect Laertes in the end. The idea that forgiveness and love produce positive karma while ignorance and hatred create bad karma shines through during this scene. Ultimately, the negative actions of Laertes end in his downfall. The hostile and unforgiving tone of Laertes foreshadows the deaths of himself, Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude that soon follow. Both Hamlet and Laertes can prevent their deaths, but because of their negative actions, the equal and opposite reaction affects them and leads to their well deserved deaths. In addition to tone, irony highlights the idea of karma. While Laertes and Hamlet fence, theyShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1427 Words   |  6 Pagesa ghost, Denmark is on the verge of damage. Directly following King Hamlet s death, the widowed Queen, Gertrude, remarried Claudius, the King s brother. Prince Hamlet optically discerns the joining together of his mother and uncle as a hasty and incestuous act (Charles Boyce, 232). He then ascertains that Claudius is responsible for his father s perfidious murder. His father s ghost asks Hamlet to avenge his death and Hamlet concurs. He plans very punctiliously, ascertaining that he doesn tRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay2134 Words   |  9 Pagesin return for a wrong; returning evil for evil, vengeance† (Webster Dictionary). This play introduces Hamlet, a prince who goes on the quest to take revenge on his uncle who killed his father and Hamlet won’t rest on until he gives his uncle the punishment for killing the king. But this quest for him to get his revenges has some consequences that could lead to many deaths including himself. Hamlet thirst for revenge clouds his judgements, which leads to drastic consequences. The feeling of revengeRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 PagesThere are only a handful of experiences that everyone must practice, and one of the most provocative is death. For some, death is fearfully avoided, but for others, it is constantly sought after. Suicide is a topic that impacts all kinds of people, so much so that it is often addressed in literature. For real people and fictional characters such as Shakespeare’s Hamlet, prince of Denmark, thoughts of self-harm are brought about by overwhelming emotions that became almost too heavy to handle aloneRead More Death and Suicide in Hamlet by William Shakespeare1100 Words   |  5 Pages is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide. Every year, more than a million people commit suicide, successfully ending whatever feelings of despair, pressure, or suffering they felt when alive. Yet statistics show that the number of nonfatal suicide attempts exceeds that of actual complet ed suicides. Failed attempts of taking one’s own life reveal the deep, undermining uncertainties humans have about death. Such inquiries as to whether life or death is better stream into human perceptionRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1325 Words   |  6 PagesDeath is the Key One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel. This saying means that one awful person or event can infect others and cause them to change also. This can be seen in Hamlet, when King Hamlet dies in the beginning of the play. Hamlet, like any other Shakespearean tradgedy, contains a series betrayal and death. Hamlet seeks revenge when his deceased father’s ghost tells him that his uncle, Claudius, murdered him. Since Hamlet’s grief for his father was expressed more than any other characterRead MoreDeath Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1114 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the theme of death is thoroughly expressed through symbolism. Death, a primary element in Hamlet, taunts and dances around the characters preceding the death of Hamlet’s father. The symbols representing death become increasingly more prominent as the play progresses, they appear in both ironic and bold forms. The enigma that death poses drives key points in the plot of the play. Collectively, the symbols of death in Hamlet provoke and foreshadow this essential tragicRead MoreThe Death Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare906 Words   |  4 PagesThe protagonist, Hamlet, his mother Queen Gertrude and her husband King Claudius, along with Hamlet’s love interest Ophelia are all affected by human sin through the evocation of sickness and rot. Sin, the driving force of the play, impacts each character, decaying his or her mind, resulting in the emotional and physical demise of each character and the decay of the state of Denmark, which has become â€Å"rotten† after Claudius poisons his own brother and weds his sister-in-law. William Shakespeare’s tragicRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet s Death1177 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet has a multitude of not only characters, but also many different character scenarios going on as well. The play begins with us learning of the death of Hamlet’s father , King Hamlet, and the marriage of Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, to her now ex brother-in-law Claudius. We later discover that the now king, Claudius, killed his brother and are left to question if he and Gertrude had been having an affair the entire time and whether Gertrude had a hand in King Hamlet’s deathRead MoreDeath in William Shakespeare ´s Hamlet Essay585 Words   |  3 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Hamlet struggles with the abrupt death of his father at the hands of his uncle. It is in the very beginning of the play that Hamlet voices his opinion that death would be a peaceful release. But as the play progresses his attitude begins to slowly doubt the serenity in death. Hamlet had been surrounded by death but had yet to come face to face with it, escaping the lessons the world was trying to teach him. It is within Act 5 scene 1 that Hamlet has a directRead MoreThe Theme Of Death In Hamlet By William Shakespeare925 Words   |  4 PagesDeat h can be defined as; the permanent and irreversible cessation of the vital functions that result in the end of one’s life. Death itself can have many different causes such as disease, old age or even something as gruesome as murder. In the Elizabethan era, it seems as though murder was commonly used to solve problems as in several of William Shakespeares plays, characters are killed so that more dominant characters can obtain what they truly desire. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet death

Movie response Free Essays

Movie Is take on a dark portion of the history of U. S. And are able to Illustrate not only a Journey but highlight prolific periods In time. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie response or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hooligan’s movie Is a true story of an American legend, Jackie Robinson, who broke the racial barrier In Major League Baseball and became one of the most Inspirational leaders In the fight for call rights and equality. Throughout the movie, Robinson Is faced with outrageous comments and unjust treatment from a variety of sources. There is one significant leader that mirrors the same passive actions as Robinson is Mr.. Martin Luther King Jar. Along with having an impact on the activist, Robinson was able to open to door for African- American athletes, not just in baseball but in all sports. Robinson not only proved his race was capable of competing, but was able to change the stigma and stereotypes that African-Americans faced. Another area that would see the influence of Robinson, and that was shown in the movie, was the role of sports journalist named Wendell Smith. Although the movie might have stretched the relationship of Robinson and Smith, there Is no denying the impact they had on each other. Smith was tasked with not only covering Robinson but finding him places to stay, as well as to help protect him. Robinson on the other hand did more than give Smith something to write about, but to help open the pathway for African-Americans to Join other fields, even sports journalism Jackie Robinson did more than change the game of baseball. He was able to curb stereotypes with humility, change the way people see those of a darker complexion, and begin to open the door for African-Americans to belong in any occupation. He was able to use the platform of being a professional athlete to help shed light on the atrocious treatment and inequality people of color were forced to face. Robinsons whole journey as well as the purpose can be summed up in his own quote movie 42 response By vested â€Å"42† movie is take on a dark portion of the history of U. S. And are able to illustrate not only a Journey but highlight prolific periods in time. Hooligan’s movie is a true story of an American legend, Jackie Robinson, who broke the racial barrier in Major League Baseball and became one of the most inspirational leaders in the fight for civil rights and equality. Throughout the movie, Robinson is faced with outrageous comments American athletes, not Just in baseball but in all sports. Robinson not only proved his and that was shown in the movie, was the role of sports Journalist named Wendell Smith, there is no denying the impact they had on each other. Smith was tasked with face. Robinsons whole Journey as well as the purpose can be summed up in his own. How to cite Movie response, Papers

Asteroids Essay Example For Students

Asteroids Essay Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the Sun but aretoo small to be considered planets. They are known as minor planets. Asteroids range in size from Ceres, which has a diameter of about 1000 km,down to the size of pebbles. Sixteen asteroids have a diameter of 240 kmor greater. They have been found inside Earths orbit to beyond Saturnsorbit. Most, however, are contained within a main belt that exists betweenthe orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Some have orbits that cross Earths pathand some have even hit the Earth in times past. One of the best-preservedexamples is Barringer Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona. Asteroids are material left over from the formation of the solar system. It was once believed that the asteroids were the debris of a large planet,orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, which had suffered a major catastropheand fragmented into many smaller parts. However, it is now thought that noplanet could ever have formed in this zone, because the stronggravitational influence of the newly formed Jupiter would have preventedthe smaller planet from forming. Instead, the building blocks of rock,built up through collisions with the smaller particles present at theformation of the solar system, were left, and are what we call theasteroids today. Much of our understanding about asteroids comes fromexamining pieces of space debris that fall to the surface of Earth. Because the asteroids orbit in the gap between Mars and Jupiter, it is notsurprising that the massive planet affects them. Astronomers in the 1800snoticed that the asteroid belt has gaps in it, particularly at distances of2.5 and 3.28 astronomical units from the Sun. The astronomer DanielKirkwood explained these gaps by considering the orbit, which a body atthis distance would have. He discovered that any asteroids in these gapswould be lined up with Jupiter very often, and so it would be pulled by thegravitational influence of the planet, out of the gap. For this reason,these are now called the Kirkwood gaps, and now there are several known. This, however, is not the only effect, which the largest planet in oursolar system has on these small objects. Asteroids that are on a collision course with Earth are called meteoroids. When a meteoroid strikes our atmosphere at high velocity, friction causesthis chunk of space matter to incinerate in a streak of light known as ameteor. If the meteoroid does not burn up completely, what is left strikesEarths surface and is called a meteorite. Of all the meteorites examined,92.8 percent are composed of silicate (stone), and 5.7 percent are composedof iron and nickel; the rest are a mixture of the three materials. Stonymeteorites are the hardest to identify since they look very much liketerrestrial rocks. Because asteroids are material from the very earlysolar system, scientists are interested in their composition. Spacecraftthat have flown through the asteroid belt have found that the belt isreally quite empty and that asteroids are separated by very largedistances. Before 1991, the only information obtained on asteroids wasthough Earth based observations. Then on October 1991 asteroid 951 Gasprawas visited by the Galileo spacecraft and became the first asteroid to h avehi-resolution images taken of it. Again on August 1993 Galileo made aclose encounter with asteroid 243 Ida. This was the second asteroid to bevisited by spacecraft. Both Gaspra and Ida are classified as S-typeasteroids composed of metal-rich silicates. Throughout the history of the solar system, the Earth and otherplanets have been subjected to impacts from smaller bodies such as cometsand asteroids and sometimes with catastrophic consequences. Learning andtrying to understand these space objects can help us identify thecomposition of the universe and maybe find out how it started.

Personality Changes over a Lifetime an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Personality Changes over a Lifetime by Expert Dr. Mart (Ph.D.) | 29 Dec 2016 Abstract Need essay sample on "Personality Changes over a Lifetime" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This paper is about the personality changes that an inpidual undergoes as he ages, especially in relation to the numerous problems that the elderly face, and the specialized training that a psychologist and personality theorist needs in order to help the elderly through their problems and difficulties, at a time when they feel alone and depressed and unable to cope with what life offers. Personality Changes over a Lifetime Although it may be true that ancient wisdom had dictated that an inpiduals personality would be set in stone when he reached the age of thirty, this may no longer be true, states modern research. In fact, states a US based research on the issue of personality changes over a persons lifetime; people may indeed grow wiser as they mature. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness and extraversion were the five key personality traits that were taken into account, on the 130,000 people aged from twenty one to sixty years, in this research, and it was concluded that these traits did not depend upon mood at any stage, because of the fact that they may be genetic, and may only change very gradually, if at all, as the person grew older. Some of the interesting revelations were that while women displayed more signs of neuroticism as they aged, men did not, and also that openness tended to decline as the inpidual aged. An increased ability to deal with challenges was seen in the twenties, while the ability to show warmth and compassion increased during the thirties. (Bhattacharya, Shaoni (2003) Today, the research and the study of culture and personality have been found to help those inpiduals who have to cope with personality changes, especially when they have grown older. Counselors too make use of research to address better the clinical needs of elderly patients under their care, although it is true that they would need specialized training and skills to deal with the elderly. It would help to remember the difference between a twenty year old and an eighty year old: while a twenty year old may recognize the fact that several uninterrupted years of life, both personal as well as professional, lie ahead for him, an eighty year old may recognize the fact that this may be the last decade of his life, and this would mean that his life goals would be completely different than that of the twenty year old, and it shows that time can play a critical role in influencing ones life goals. The older inpidual would in all probability select one or two goals that would have an immediate positive impact on his life, and this would in turn mean, according to socio economic selectivity theory, that for the elderly, only those goals that would offer them immediate positive benefit would be important, rather than, for example, starting a new social network, and as Cartensen stated, the older person be more likely than a younger person to concentrate his energies into developing a small set of relationships that would augment his emotional experiences at the present time. Today, the world is composed of a great number of elderly persons, and most research on psychology and on personality changes over a lifetime focuses on the young, because this is considered to be the critical period of personality development, and the research does not include the elderly. It is important to focus on the elderly as well, because, as researchers state, personality functioning in the later stages of life can be extremely important, especially when taken in the light of the fact that the elderly are forced to contend with several difficulties, like for example physical decline, retirement, the death of a number of peers and close friends of the same age group, and these inpiduals may be at a loss to know how to cope with these several problems at this stage in their lives. This means that, without doubt, there must be specialized psychologists trained in dealing with the problems of the elderly to help them deal with the personality changes that occur in later life. The personality theorist is an inpidual who hopes to discover truths about human nature in general, and since it has been proven that the focus of most psychologists and personality theorists is on the young adult, perhaps because of the importance that Freud gave to this stage of human life and development, the elderly have been largely ignored. This must be changed with immediate effect, and the elderly, whose social motivations shift as they reach the fag end of their life, and who are forced to cope with several problems, including physical and emotional, must be given a helping hand. It is important to remember that today, with the advances in medicine, people are living far longer than they did in older times, and the world is made up of a large number of people aged above sixty, who may need specialized and well trained personnel to help them deal with the changes in personality that they undergo, especially when they enter their eighth decade of life and above. (Pervin, Cervone and Oliver (n.d.) References Bhattacharya, Shaoni (2003) Personality Changes through Life New Scientist Retrieved on January 14, 2008 http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3713-personality-changes-throughout-life.html Pervin, Cervone and Oliver (n.d.) Theories of Personality Retrieved on January 14, 2008

Jack Kilby Inventor essays

Jack Kilby Inventor essays How exactly does one define a Mover and Shaker? That is the question I had to ask myself before I could determine who this essay should be about. For the purposes of this paper I defined a Mover and Shaker as someone who tackled one of the issues of their time; however, I also felt that it was important that they accomplished this solution to an old problem by looking at the situation with a very new and different perspective. On the surface Jack Kilby (pictured to the right) is a very accomplished individual. He owns more than 60 patents, is a Nobel Prize winner, and is even inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame (Texas Institute, par. 8). The real question remains, what did he do and why did he do it? Jack Kilby (along with Robert Noyce) invented the integrated circuit which has lead to the very powerful semi-conductors in our computers today. The rest of this paper will discuss the topic of why he was able to invent something so revolutionary. In his autobiography written for the Nobel Committee, Mr. Kilby discusses some of the significant events in his life. I found it very interesting to note that his father ran an electronics company, thereby giving him an exposure to the world of electronics at a very young age. His fathers goal in his company was to do whatever it took to run his business and to help people (Nobel par. 4). He continues on to tell us that it was amateur radio that really sparked his interest in electronics. While at the University of Illinois he studied electrical engineering, but with his early love for electronics he also dabbled in some vacuum engineering physics classes. While working for a small electronics manufacturer, he continued to work on his studies in the evenings, eventually receiving a Masters Degree in Engineering from the University of Wisconsin. He makes the comment that working and going to school present some challenges, but it c...

Want to Make Your Paper Catchy Dont Forget About a Hook!

Want to Make Your Paper Catchy Dont Forget About a Hook! The Best Ideas for Creating an Outstanding Essay Hook What is the first thing you do, when start working on an essay? Do you write an introduction or prefer working on body paragraphs? Do you have secret techniques or hook sentence ideas, which are aimed to catch attention of the reader? You probably know that it is possible to insert a quote or a fact to make the reader want to learn more, but there are tens of other hook ideas, which can make your essay unique and original, grabbing attention from the very beginning. We have created this article for those, who want to master quality writing and want to learn other approaches. Essay hook: a simple definition Before learning all of the hook peculiarities, it is important to understand what it really is. Basically, a hook is a sentence in your introduction, which moves the reader to learn more about what you are willing to say. It is only a short element of the text but it is still informative and catchy. Hook renders an important idea and helps to show the reader the main ideas of the author. Tips on creating a perfect hook Our experts have gathered tens of essay examples to detect the best hook ideas and show you how a great introduction should look like. Below we will provide you with the best ideas, which you can use depending on the type of your essay and your main goal. One of the biggest mistakes most of the students make is writing a powerful start, which has nothing to do with the rest of the text. You can work on the introduction with all of your energy and motivation but there is also a need to interlink your hook with the rest of the paragraphs. If you are not able to support your thesis in the body paragraphs, your reader will easily lose track of your thoughts. Remember, style and tone of your essay has a crucial meaning. If your research paper is in physics or any other scientific matter, you shouldn’t begin your introduction with a personal story or an anecdote. Your hook should be relevant and appropriate, which means that you should always think of the target audience. For example, if you are writing for professionals to discuss a chemistry topic, you shouldn’t use slang or simple teenage vocabulary. Of course, readers will understand what you are willing to say but they will surely have a bad aftertaste. All of the above strategies to creating a meaningful hook are essential if you want to help the reader understand what you are willing to write about and enjoy the text. Transformation facts into a hook To deliver a great hook you should have a clear understanding of its source: this can be anything, which inspires or excites you. You can insert an interesting fact, which your audience is not aware of. Here are the main sources you can use: Newspapers; Textbooks; Magazines; Websites; Scientific and academic journal; Interviews; Films and documents; Official reports. Remember that all of the sources you use should be recent and reliable, which will make your hook more solid and reliable. To give you a better understanding of how hook sentences influence essays, we will discuss nicely written examples. In case you need assistance in writing an introduction or a hook sentence, we are always there to cover your back. Just place an order and forget about all the hardships. Use an interesting fact A great example of a quality hook is a fact, which is taken from a trustworthy source that publishes only recent information on the most discussed matters. People always find facts interesting and intriguing. For example, ‘Over 40% of iPhone and iPad owners use their devices only to read emails and texts.’ Such information is useful for those, who are planning to launch a new project or mobile application and need information on the market. Not every teacher supports the idea of using the internet and digital sources. That is why you need to explain why using such a hook is fine for your particular topic. Then you can go on to discuss why apps are a great instrument in launching new products and ideas. ‘There are two clear branches in literature, when it comes to adjective and noun constructions analysis.’ In the example above you can see a scientific and official essay, which shouldn’t start with an anecdote or a humorous story. This introduction is very traditional and has a conflict inside: ‘two branches’ means that the author will support one of the sides or will offer a third option to solve the problem. Starting your essay with conflict is always a great idea. Start with a joke or an anecdote Online you can find thousands of different jokes and anecdotes on tens of topics to help scholars cover the matter with humor and style. Below you will find good example of such a hook sentence: ‘A mice family was overtaken by a cat; father of the family jumped and said ‘Bow wow’ and the cat disappeared. The mouse son asked the father what that was and he replied, ‘Now you see why it is so important to study a foreign language.’ It is a great idea to begin your essay with if you are asked to write about the importance of studying a second language. However, every country has humor peculiarities and forbidden topics, so you must always choose a humorous hook wisely. Use of an opening question If you want to make one step further, it is possible to combine statistics and facts into a question. A rhetorical question is a great way to open an introduction and depict what you are going to discuss. However, don’t forget that you will need to give an answer somewhere in the text. ‘Did you know how many homeless people in the United States hold college and university degrees? Best ways to write a great hook for your research paper Research paper is a serious work, which requires lots of time and consideration. However, when it comes to a hook sentence, research papers are similar to essays, so once you master basic principles, you won’t find it difficult to create a hook for any assignment. Considering the fact that a research paper has a scientific nature, you should avoid anecdotes, metaphors and other inappropriate pieces as a hook sentence. It is better to use facts, statistics or a rhetorical question, which will interest the reader and make him want to learn more. The best elements to include to a hook of your research paper: An interesting and rare fact; A piece of catchy statistics; A rhetorical question, which provokes deeper thinking on the matter; Basic information on the conducted research; A quick reminder of what the paper is going to discuss. Hook sentence in a persuasive essay A persuasive essay aims to persuade the reader to accept the writer’s point of view. That is why it is so important to create an outstanding hook at the beginning of your essay. You can add any type of information, which will reflect the style of your work. If you work on the hook sentence thoroughly, you will make the reader continue and learn more of what you have to say. Here are the best ideas for your hook sentence: Fact; Joke or anecdote; Statistics; Metaphor; Simile; Rhetorical question. All of the mentioned elements can become a great idea for a rhetorical essay hook, as it has no limitations on style. Compare and contrast essay hooks Luckily, you are free to use almost any type of hooks, when working on your compare and contrast essay. You can analyze the discussed matters and engage them into one single sentence to catch the interest of the audience. You can also intrigue them with a quotation, question or example from your own experience. It may sound a bit complicated at first but once you write two or three hook sentences, it will become much easier! A mixed hook In some situations you may want to add several types to a single question and it can be a great idea! For example, your hook may contain an interesting fact and a date; it can also consist of a rhetorical question (although without a question mark) and a conflict, promising to describe both opinions throughout the text. Using quotes from literature as a way to express your point of view One of the best and the most universal types of a hook is a literary one. It is a social or a philosophical phrase, which grabs reader’s attention and shows how well you have mastered the topic. Think of a phrase, sentence or a whole paragraph, which will reflect the general idea of your topic. If the topic of your essay is not too formal, try to be creative and find an original quote. It can be a modern writer, a movie quote or any other phrase, which will interest the reader and catch his interest. An example from a real life Think of a short story from life of a famous person to grab the attention of the reader. Such hook type shows the relevance of your topic through the prism of a real life situation. You can use biography of famous people to prove your point of view. For example, Bon Jovi visits disabled people in hospitals to brighten their days. Helen Keller writes amazing stories being blind from birth. It is better to provide stories not from your own life but of people, who you consider your role models. If you choose such a story wisely, you will surely grab the reader’s attention. ‘I have been smiling from ear to ear for almost thirty years. Now I am trying to quit.’ This one can be an example of an outstanding personal drama. Readers will surely want to know more about the life situation and personal lessons the author has made. Do you want to know why the author of the quote doesn’t want to smile anymore? Such hooks always grab attention from the first word to the last one! If you are writing an essay on personal traits, like greed or jealousy, you can always quote Shakespeare. His works are a great source of catchy and thoughtful phrases, which will never leave readers indifferent. Famous people quotes Some of the examples above can be easily placed into this category, because such phrases are known all over the world. When something solid happens, you can easily find comments of celebrities and use them for your own purposes. Using quotes of famous people is a great way to engage the audience. With their help you are able to make a statement and show that you have conducted a thorough research. You show that you are interested in history, public life and have background information on the topic. Use metaphors to catch attention of the reader If you want to take your writing skills to a completely new level, it will be wise to learn how to use similes and metaphors. However, not all people get their meaning, so it is better to choose a simple one or provide an explanation of its meaning. If you don’t do it, you may lose your audience or bore it. A thoroughly picked metaphor will make your speech powerful and strong. Here are a few examples of good metaphors for your hook: As busy as a bee; As cute as a puppy; As snug as a bug in a rug. Additional ways to create a great hook sentence Apart from all of the above-mentioned ways, you can also state a thesis statement or add numbers and statistics. It is up to you to decide, which method will be the most effective one. However, don’t forget to research a bit and decide what type of hook is the best one. In this article we have tried to explain all of the ways of creating a strong hook. However, it is still quite difficult to grab reader’s attention with proper preparation. That is why there is a great solution for all of the students, who value their time and experience difficulties with completing all of the assignments. You can turn to our professional writers, who will help you to create an outstanding hook and essay, meeting all of the requirements and guidelines. Just order a research paper or an essay right now and get the best hook you have ever seen!

The experience of studying abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The experience of studying abroad - Essay Example The personal development is greatly affected by studying abroad. One reason for recommending students to study abroad or far from home is that it gives them a sense of independence. This independence should not be taken as a negative impact on the students’ growth but it in fact is a very valuable factor. It provides them with the sense of responsibility, commitment and value for the resources. Studying abroad helps developing self-confidence. It further helps students in understanding the culture, tradition and values of other people. In the diversified population of today, it has become an important factor to learn to adopt and survive with people of different backgrounds. Studying abroad hence, helps students in understanding, managing and resolving the issues that may arise due to differences between themselves and others (Lange & Paige, 2003 p 185). Moving abroad and settling there for studies, however, is not an easy task! There are a number of social, political, economi c and moral issues which are to be considered before making a choice on this matter. Students face and may face problems due to the changing political, economic and social conditions of a country. ... The diversified populations at schools help the students in preparing for their professional life where a diversified workforce is available. Schools and universities, hence, provide them an understanding of the issue that may arise in their future working career and they find ways to tackle and reduce those issues. Moreover, the participants from other countries represent their culture and traditions to the host country population and the relationship between people from two different backgrounds help in eradicating the wrong concepts about each others’ culture and religion (OECD, 2004 p 221). The working environment, which is highly diversified today, is greatly affected by abroad education concept. People who have been experiencing the diversified population throughout their academic life are easily settled and integrated in the unknown organizational culture. They face less trouble in dealing with others and facing challenges of discrimination and undue behaviors of other people. As far as academic success and growth of students is concerned, studying abroad makes student more conscious about their results and performance. Most of the students staying abroad for educational purposes are paying their fees by themselves. They go for some kind of job to earn their living and bear their regular expenses. Hence, they are more motivated to pass their exams without any failure. However, a negative impact may be seen as a result of this working issue on the performance of students in terms of lower grades and GPAs. Studying abroad helps in developing self confidence, believe in one’s abilities, independence, maturity, creativity to resolve issues and understanding of individualistic strengths and weaknesses.

Smoking Among the Youth in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Smoking Among the Youth in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example From the most prominent causes of smoking, it was revealed in the paper written by Mandil, BinSaeed, et al. that peer pressure or the apparent need to be perceived as doing what friends are doing, and the strong impact of family members seen to be smoking are most influential. Likewise, other causes of smoking include the lack of governmental restrictions that preclude the youths from easily purchasing cigarettes regardless of age and the apparently low prices of cigarettes (Siddiqui, Ogbeide, and Khalifa). In the article written by Bassiony, the author disclosed the motivating factors and reasons for smoking, as follows: â€Å"desire (32%), idleness (28%), imitation (22%), and enjoyment (20%) are among the motives to smoke. If the problem goes unresolved, more youths and adults would be addicted to smoking due to its nicotine content and would find it challenging to get out of the habit. There are other repercussions that include increased risks to contract health hazards such as h igh blood pressure, higher tendencies for heart attacks, contracting cancer of various organs in the body, especially the lungs, throat, voice box, pancreas, and kidneys. Likewise, health hazards for females were reported to include fertility problems and cancer of the cervix. More importantly, cigarette smoking, if left unabated, is forecasted to result, within the next 20 to 30 years, to â€Å"10 million deaths annually on a worldwide basis, of which 70% will occur in developing countries† (Siddiqui, Ogbeide and Khalifa 367).

Data Communications Essay Example for Free

Data Communications Essay Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal. What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a sine wave. Define fundamental frequency. What is the relationship between a signals spectrum and its bandwidth. What is attenuation? Define channel capacity. What key factors affect channel capacity? Problems: Figure 1 shows the frequency domain function for a single square pulse. The signal pulse could represent a digital 1 in a communications system. Note that an infinite number of higher frequencies of decreasing magnitudes is needed to represent the single pulse. What implication does that have for a real digital transmission system? Suppose that a digitised TV picture is to be transmitted from a source that uses a matrix of 480 x 500 picture elements (pixels), where each pixel can take on one of 32 intensity values. Assume that 30 pictures are sent per second. (This digital source is is roughly equivalent to broadcast TV standards that have been adopted.) Find the source rate R (bps) Assume that the TV picture is to be transmitted over a channel with 4.5Mhz bandwidth and a 35dB signal-to -noise ratio. Find the capacity of the channel (bps). Discuss how the parameters given in part (a.) could be modified to allow transmission of colour TV signals without increasing the required value for R. What is the channel capacity for a teleprinter channel with a 300Hz bandwidth and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3dB, where the noise is white thermal noise? A digital signalling system is required to operate at 9600bps. If a signal element encodes a 4-bit word, what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel? Repeat part (a .) for the case of 8-bit words. Given the narrow (usable) audio bandwidth of a telephone transmission facility, a nominal SNR of 56dB (400,000), and a certain level of distortion, What is the theoretical maximum channel capacity (kbps) of traditional telephone lines? What can we say about the actual maximum channel capacity? Given a channel with an intended capacity of 20Mpbs, the bandwidth of the channel is 3MHz. Assuming white thermal noise, what signal-to-noise ratio is required to achieve this capacity? If an amplifier has a 30dB voltage gain, what voltage ratio does the gain represent? An amplifier has an output of 20W. What is the output in dBW? Answers: Short Questions With guided media, the electromagnetic waves are guided along an enclosed physical path whereas unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them. A continuous or analog signal is one in which the signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time while a discrete or digital signal is one in which the signal intensity maintains one of a finite number of constant levels for some period of time and then changes to another constant level. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. The relationship is ÃŽ »f = v, where ÃŽ » is the wavelength, f is the frequency, and v is the speed at which the signal is traveling. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency component in the Fourier representation of a periodic quantity. The spectrum of a signal is the frequencies it contains while the bandwidth of a signal is the width of the spectrum. Attenuation is the gradual weakening of a signal over dis tance. The rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path, or channel, under given conditions, is referred to as the channel capacity. Bandwidth, noise, and error rate.

Adoption And Identity Formation Essay -- essays research papers

There has been an enormous amount of research conducted about adoptees and their problems with identity formation. Many of the researchers agree on some of the causes of identity formation problems in adolescent adoptees, while other researchers conclude that there is no significant difference in identity formation in adoptees and birth children. This paper will discuss some of the research which has been conducted and will attempt to answer the following questions: Do adoptees have identity formation difficulties during adolescence? If so, what are some of the causes of these vicissitudes? Is there a significant difference between identity formation of adoptees and nonadoptees?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Adoption Center reports that fifty-two percent of adoptable children have attachment disorder symptoms. It was also found that the older the child when adopted, the higher the risk of social maladjustment (Benson et al., 1998). This is to say that a child who is adopted at one-week of age will have a better chance of “normal'; adjustment than a child who is adopted at the age of ten. This may be due in part to the probability that an infant will learn how to trust, where as a ten-year-old may have more difficulty with this task, depending on his history. Eric Erickson, a developmental theorist, discusses trust issues in his theory of development. The first of Erickson’s stages of development is Trust v. Mistrust. A child who experiences neglect or abuse can have this stage of development severely damaged. An adopted infant may have the opportunity to fully learn trust, where as an older child may have been shuffled from foster home to grou p home as an infant, thereby never learning trust. Even though Trust v. Mistrust is a major stage of development, “the greatest psychological risk for adopted children occurs during the middle childhood and adolescent years'; (McRoy et al., 1990). As children grow and change into adolescents, they begin to search for an identity by finding anchoring points with which to relate. Unfortunately, adopted children do not have a biological example to which to turn (Horner & Rosenberg, 1991), unless they had an open adoption in which they were able to form a relationship with their biological families as well as their adoptive ones. Also key to the development of trust is the ab... ..., K., Kotsopoulos, S., Oke, L., Pentland, N., Sheahan, P., & Stavrakaki, C. (1988). Psychiatric Disorders in Adopted Children: A Controlled Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58(4), 608-611.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hajal, F., & Rosenberg, E. (1991). The Family Life Cycle in Adoptive Families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 78-85.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Horner, T., & Rosenberg, E. (1991). Birthparent Romances and Identity Formation in Adopted Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 70-77.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kelly, M., Martin, B., Rigby, A., & Towner-Thyrum, E. (1998). Adjustment and Identity Formation in Adopted and Nonadopted Young Adults: Contributions of a Family Enviornment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McRoy, R., Grotevant, H., Furuta, A., & Lopez, S. (1990). Adoption Revelation and Communication Issues: Implications for Practice. Families in Society, 71, 550-557.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wegar, K. (1995). Adoption and Mental Health: A Theoretical Critique of the Psychopathological Model. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65(4), 540-548.

Mark Twain †Racism †Huckleberry Finn Essay

Mark Twain depicts an apprehension to racisms through the character Huckleberry Finn. He is a white young boy who comes in contact with the conditions of slavery at a relatively early age. The author allows him to feel uncomfortable with the very process by which humans are classified in civil society. This view is based on how Twain created the institution of slavery to be established at the time. Twain in emphasizing his views allow his character to be confronted by situations which would force him to think about slavery and the face of racism. The young man is pressured by his own father’s harsh racist belief as depicted in the election scene, â€Å"It was ‘lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn’t too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this Country where they’d let a nigger vote, I drawed out. † (Echeat, 2010)Twain creates the paradox between father and son to highlight where he stood on racism. Mark Twain-Racism-Tom Sawyer Surprisely, even though Mark Twain’s Adventures of Tom Sawyer includes a character named Huckleberry Finn as is represented in The Adventures of HucleburyFinn the role designation is entirely different. Huckleberry Finn plays a supportive role in allowing Tom to complete his mischiefs. The author displayed very little interest of projecting a race issues his that society. Its only emergence was flashed as a minor development in the story was in the killing of Dr Robinson by a Native American, However, there were no direct racial insinuations in the account, ‘ In the scuffle, Injun Joe stabs Dr. Robinson with Potter’s knife†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Native-American â€Å"half-breed† Injun Joe. ’(Sparknotes, 2010) To conclude It can be presumed that the time when Huckleberry Finn was written racism was Mark Twain’s major sociological concern. On the other hand with Tom Sawyer he was viewing morals from the perspective of parental authority and how social groups interact. REFERENCE â€Å"Racism in Huckleberry finn. † www. echeat. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 May 2010. . â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. † www. sparknotes. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 May 2010. .

Character Analysis of Mrs Foster Essay

The short story â€Å"The Way up to Heaven† is written by Roald Dahl, who is a British novelist and a short story author. He was born in Wales in 1916. â€Å"The Way up to Heaven† is a story about Mr. and Mrs. Foster â€Å"sad† life. The story takes place on a January of 1950’ in New York City, on East Sixty- second Street. It also takes place on the New York Airport and in Paris. Mrs Foster herself, is an old-fashioned woman who has a fear of missing a train, a plane, a boat etc. If she is in the situation, her eyes will begin to twitch. She likes to wear a fur coat with a black hat on the top of her head. Mrs Foster wants everything to be fast. Her man, Mr Foster, doesn’t likes to be early, but she would never dare to tell him to hurry. The story became complicated when Mrs. Foster’s flight was delayed until eleven o’clock on the next day due to the fog. Mrs. Foster had to go back home again and come back to the airport the next day. In the second conflict Mr. Foster tried to slow her journey to the airport again. Read more: This is water David foster Wallace summary  essay It started when Mr. Foster asked Mrs. Foster to wait in the taxi while he went inside the house again to find the present that he wanted to give to his daughter in Paris. He claimed that he left the present inside the house, whilst he actually had wedged the present down under the seat, which Mrs. Foster had noticed at last when Mr. Foster went looking for it in the house. Mrs. and Mr. Foster have a frigid relationship. It does not look like they love each other. At some point in the story, she changes. Mrs.Foster stopped to listen for the repetition of some sound at the house door. This happened when Mr.Foster pretended to look for the gift and yet left it in the car on purpose. She left the place without waiting for Mr.Foster. As the reader of the story, I sympathize with her. Mr. Foster knew that his wife couldn’t bare the imagination to miss the flight she was going to take to Paris. In one way, he tortures Mrs. Foster. The climax, or the main turning point, of the story is the moment when Mrs Foster freezes at the front door to listen to a sound. She is a completely changed person after that. When she was in Paris she knew her husband is in danger but pretended not to know. Towards the ending of the story, Mrs.Foster will go to check out the elevator and when she returns, she’ll have a glimmer of satisfaction on her face. This shows that she’s happy that her torturous husband, Mr.Foster is no more and she  can return to Paris with her daughter. Even after what she has done, I sympathize with her because she devoted all her life on him but he couldn’t keep her happy.

Sally Hemings

Third President of the United States of America and of the nation’s Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, was one of the most accomplished presidents within our great nation’s history. A diplomatic leader, architect, musician, scientist and an inventor, are traits and duties in which Jefferson was emerged . Jefferson has been nicknamed â€Å"Man of the People† and that he most definitely was. Born on April 13, 1743 to Peter Jefferson and Jane Randolph on their Shadwell Plantation in Albemarle County, Virginia, Thomas Jefferson was born into opportunity. Bother of his parents were leading citizens, his mother came from a leading Virginia family and his father was a successful landholder and explorer. They were capable to provide their son with excellent educational opportunities and no financial burdens, let alone did they know that their hard work would soon create an American president. Jefferson was given an excellent education throughout his youth, by way of private education. He emerged himself in his studies learning Latin and Greek, and then going onto attend William and Mary in Williamsburg Virginia, all this by the young age of 17. Jefferson was a brilliant scholar and while he studied, he was surrounded by the colonial capital and was able to the ways in which the government operated. During this period in time, Jefferson was at an age when most young men were inclined to be married. His appearance was tall and lean, sandy-haired, and appeared strong. He was a friendly man, some could find him awkward or stiff when first meeting but, he was genuine and kept many friends. Jefferson studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 24. Although, law only provided for part of his earnings, he earned much of his wealth by the income from his lands. This wealth was increased, when he married Martha Wayles Skelton in 1772. Jefferson owned over 10,000 acres of land, and from 100 to 200 slaves. A... Sally Hemings Free Essays on Thomas Jefferson, Relationship W/ Sally Hemings Third President of the United States of America and of the nation’s Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, was one of the most accomplished presidents within our great nation’s history. A diplomatic leader, architect, musician, scientist and an inventor, are traits and duties in which Jefferson was emerged . Jefferson has been nicknamed â€Å"Man of the People† and that he most definitely was. Born on April 13, 1743 to Peter Jefferson and Jane Randolph on their Shadwell Plantation in Albemarle County, Virginia, Thomas Jefferson was born into opportunity. Bother of his parents were leading citizens, his mother came from a leading Virginia family and his father was a successful landholder and explorer. They were capable to provide their son with excellent educational opportunities and no financial burdens, let alone did they know that their hard work would soon create an American president. Jefferson was given an excellent education throughout his youth, by way of private education. He emerged himself in his studies learning Latin and Greek, and then going onto attend William and Mary in Williamsburg Virginia, all this by the young age of 17. Jefferson was a brilliant scholar and while he studied, he was surrounded by the colonial capital and was able to the ways in which the government operated. During this period in time, Jefferson was at an age when most young men were inclined to be married. His appearance was tall and lean, sandy-haired, and appeared strong. He was a friendly man, some could find him awkward or stiff when first meeting but, he was genuine and kept many friends. Jefferson studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 24. Although, law only provided for part of his earnings, he earned much of his wealth by the income from his lands. This wealth was increased, when he married Martha Wayles Skelton in 1772. Jefferson owned over 10,000 acres of land, and from 100 to 200 slaves. A...

Anne roes theory of needs and career choice

Anne Roe (1904–1991) was born and raised in Denver, Colorado. Upon graduating from the University of Denver, she attended Columbia University, following the recommendation of Thomas Garth. At Columbia, Roe worked in the office of Edward Lee Thorndike, graduating with her Ph. D. in experimental psychology under the supervision of Robert S. Woodworm. The publication of The Psychology of Occupations would introduce Roes theory of personality development and career choice, her most enduring scientific contribution. Roe had no experience of careers or vocational guidance and counseling but was originally interested in personality theory and occupational classification (Roe, 1956, 1957). Much of her early research was focused on the possible relationship between occupational behavior and personality (Roe and Lunneborg, 1990). Ann Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need but Some refer to her work as the Person-environment theory which is primarily psychoanalytic, though it also draws on Maslows hierarchy of needs. THE PURPOSE OF ANNE ROE’S THEORY 1. To focus on the psychological needs that develop between the interaction of parent and child as it affects career choice. 2. To guide by attempts to understand, make meaning of, and utilize individual motives, purposes and drives to support career development. 3. To predict occupational selection based on individual differences, which are biological, sociological, and psychological. ROE’S THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Roes theory was based on Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice, lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs (The job meets the most urgent need). According to Onyekuru (2010), Roe employed Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs which depends on conscious or unconscious need pattern as follow: 1. Physiological needs 2. Safety or belongingness and love need 3. Need for self-esteem 4. Need for information 5. Need for understanding 6. Need for beauty, and 7. Need for self-actualization. This hierarchy of basic needs as proposed by Abraham Maslow (1954) became a useful framework, as it offered Roe the most effective way of discussing the relevance of occupational behavior to the satisfaction of basic needs. Maslow considered these needs to be innate and instinctive but (apart from physiological needs) modifiable, and proposed that the lower the potency of need in the hierarchy, the more it is suppressible (Maslow, 1954). Roe in kemjika (2008) maintained that the origin of these needs can be traced from the parental attitudes toward the child in the child’s formative experience. ANNE ROE’S PROPOSITIONS Anne Roe’s (1957, p. 213) propositions can be divided into two and they are as follows: 1. That occupation is potentially the most powerful source of individual satisfaction at all levels of need; and 2. That social and economic status depend more on the occupation of an individual than upon anything else. Roe, based on the above propositions is of the view that individual’s satisfaction and his socio-economic status in life is determined by his occupation. ANNE ROE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO VOCATIONAL OR OCCUPATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Roes theory can be separated into two key areas: theoretical aspects of personality and classification of occupations. Anne Roe inspired by Maslows hierarchy of needs, incorporated the psychological needs that develop out of parent-child interactions in her conceptualization of personality. PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS Roe emphasized that early childhood rearing practices influence later career choices. Roe classified parent-child relationship patterns into three categories, each with two subcategories. According to Kemjika (2008) parents relate or interact with their children in one of the following ways: 1. Emotional Concentration on the child 2. Avoidance of the child, and 3. Acceptance of the child. EMOTIONAL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHILD (a). Over-protective Parents: parents who engage in this type of interaction are very warm, affectionate, caring and also tend to encourage dependence in the child and restricts curiosity and exploration. The child does not enjoy any privacy because the parents are over concerned with the child’s well-being. (b). Over-demanding Parents: this group of parents requests perfection from the child, asking for excellent performance and setting high standards of behavior. The parents’ love for the child is based on the child’s achievement and conformity. It is a conditional love. AVOIDANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Rejection Parents: parents in this category may be overly critical of the child or punish the child excessively. Every little mistake by the child attracts severe punishment from the parents. However, they only provides for the child’s physiological needs (food, shelter, clothes etc. ) and safety needs. (b). Neglect of the child: parents who adopt this parenting style Ignores the child for many reasons, such as parents concern with their own problems, other children, or work. They are cold and show no love. The physical care they provide is minimal. ACCEPTANCE OF THE CHILD (a). Causal acceptance Parents: Parents have a low-key attitude, offering minimum amount of love. The child’s needs are attended to when they are not busy. (b). Loving acceptance Parents: Here parents show a warmer attitude toward the child, while not interfering with the child’s resources by fostering dependency. Parents encourage independence rather than dependence and do not ignore or reject their child, creating a relatively tension-free environment. From the above, loving, demanding and protecting homes would produce children that are person-oriented in occupation (service). While homes that are rejecting, neglecting and casual will produce individuals that are non-person in orientation in vocational choice. These developed attitudes, interest and capacities can be modified later in life. OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION Roe,(1957) propounded eight occupational groups when she saw that occupations could be arranged along a continuum based on the intensity and nature of the interpersonal relationships involved in the occupational activities and in an order that would have contiguous groups more alike than non-contiguous ones. The eight occupational groups she posited were: 1. service 2. business contact 3. organization 4. technology 5. outdoor 6. science 7. general culture, and 8. arts and entertainment. OCCUPATIONAL LEVELS Roe considered the levels of difficulty and responsibility involved in each occupation and identified six occupational levels based on degree of responsibility, capacity and skill. The Six levels of Occupations identified by Roe (1956 1957) are: 1. Professional managerial: Independent Responsibility 2. Professional Managerial: less independence 3. Semi professional small business: Moderate responsibility for others 4. Skilled: Training is required 5. Semi skilled: On-the -job training or special schooling 6. Unskilled: Little special training is required. Individuals only need to follow basic directions. IMPLICATIONS OF ANNE ROE’S THEORY TO VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Anne Roe’s theory has several implications to vocational guidance and counseling. Some of these implications are as follows: 1. The theory made it clear that the attitude of parents toward their children has great influence on the children’s choice of career later in life. 2. The environment created by parents at home can affect their children’s vocational choice and life in general. 3. Early childhood experience has great psychological effects on career choice and success in life. 4. The theory gives career guidance counselors insight into the patterns of relationship prevalent between the parents and their children at the home front. 5. It helps career counselors in assisting students from disturbed families on career choice. 6. It also helps the career counselor to make parents understand the effects of their behavior toward their children and the kind of environment they create at home on their children’s career choice and success. 7. Roe’s classification of occupation provided information on the various classes of occupation and the levels of responsibility as well as the capacity, abilities, and skills associated with each class of occupation. 8. This theory reveals that individual’s needs and interest at a particular time can be a determining factor for a career choice. 9. It shows that a person’s satisfaction and socio-economic status in the society is related to his or her occupation. 10. It facilitates career guidance and counseling relationship. CONCLUSION The relevance of Roe’s theory cannot be over-emphasized judging from the immense contributions made to vocational guidance and counseling and career development.

The Kurdish Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Kurdish Question - Essay Example By some estimates, there are as many as 45 million Kurds that live within the region defined by Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. Due to the fact that this region is ultimately inhospitable, rocky, and mostly mountainous, it has ultimately served as a buffer zone and a hinterland for all of these nations and has not readily lent itself to being defined as a nation (Jimenez & Kabachnik, 2012). However, in order to understand the plight of the Kurds, it is necessary to review the situation from a historical perspective. As with so many disenfranchised and otherwise marginalized people groups, the Kurdish people have historically found themselves trapped between great powers and incorporated in a litany of different empires. The reader can and should understand the unique geographical realities that the Kurdish people have had to deal with in terms of understanding the fact that these people occupied the highlands that separated the Mediterranean and the Caucuses from the riche s of Mesopotamia. Though the history of the Kurdish people predates even the earliest records, as a means of impressing the reader/researcher with the realities of the current situation, this analysis will begin considering the history of the Kurdish people during the time of the Persian Empire. The way in which Kurds and Kurdish land were absorbed into the Persian Empire would ultimately become the model by which future regional and world powers would integrate with an understanding of the Kurds (Ackerman, 2006). Yet another interesting geographic dynamic that helps to define this group is with regards to the fact that all of the nations that have been listed, Kurds comprise high percentages of minority groups within each nation (A.P. & Chu, 1996). With the exception of Iran, Kurds comprise the second largest minority in each of the prior countries that it been listed. Similarly, one of the main reasons that a Kurdish homeland is not currently being considered is due to the fact that one of the most oil-rich areas within the entire Middle East has been determined to be directly under the regions of northern Iraq, South Eastern Syria, and southwestern Iran; an area in which the Kurds would like to make their homeland. Such a reality of course precludes any hope that these nations will relinquish control and allow the Kurdish people to have a higher

Reflective summary on Managing Diversity in Business Essay

Reflective summary on Managing Diversity in Business - Essay Example Examine that how this course helps me to analyse discrimination against women and ethnic minorities. Develop a broader perspective in relation to the benefits of this course. Reflective Analysis I selected the course of Managing Diversity in Business mainly due to two reasons. Firstly, diversity has become an unavoidable characteristic of almost any work group in the countries like UK due to globalisation and immigration. Secondly, I wished to know that what effects gender has in creating diversities; or how women are treated in a demographically diverse setting. While choosing the course, I wanted to get more knowledge in the areas I stated above. However, as I covered the course I came to know about certain perspectives, theories and information which raised some questions and issues in my mind. My initial observations had already revealed that the course highlighted some practical aspects of the corporate world. I often recall the story of one of my friends, who had found a respec table job in a reputed corporation. She was skilled and sincere; and she belonged from an ethnic minority community. At work, her ethnic and sexual identity gradually emerged as her drawback. Her superior, who was also a member of the board of directors, often harassed her sexually during the duty hours. At first, she complained to the Human Resource (HR) Manager, but her application was not processed. The HR Manager took it as a trivial issue and her superior continued to harass her even before her colleagues. In the department, her colleagues were all males and those who belonged from her community were on work visa. Therefore, nobody protested either due to racial contempt or because of fear. Finally, when she warned her superior and the HR Manager that she would seek police intervention and write to the human rights groups, she was sacked on the plea of theft and a false complaint was lodged against her. Consequently she lost her job and could not proceed to court lest she was b lacklisted in the industry. The lesson learned from such stories as that of my unfortunate friend is that ethnic minority women have almost no voice in the HR management system. Through the lecture on ethnic minority women and the suggested readings, my thoughts and indirect experiences regarding discrimination against ethnic minority women were reinforced. When it comes to racial segregation and sexual abuse, HR managers often tend to neglect the victims (Kamenou and Fearfull, 2006). So the main question regarding discrimination against women is that how can we erect an unbiased corporate HRM culture and what legal, social and technical constraints it might face? Moreover, will the Government take a sympathetic approach in this regard? Organisations like Runnymede Trust, Amnesty International, etc. are tirelessly working to raise and resolve these issues. Through the lecture on race and ethnicity, I came to know that over 300 assaults on Muslims in UK had taken place since the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. An interesting detail on Islamophobia further reveals that racial intolerance combined with gender discrimination creates highly complicated situation for the Muslim women in the Western countries (Runnymede Trust, 1997). Hence, public awareness is needed most. I think that this course has finally reinforced my

To What Extent Have UNHCR's RSD Procedures been an Effective and Fair Essay

To What Extent Have UNHCR's RSD Procedures been an Effective and Fair Tool in the Refugee Decision-making Process - Essay Example The United Nations High Commission on Refugees is reposed with the dual task of both ensuring the protection of refugees and reducing their vulnerabilities, whilst at the same time being charged with the role of refugee decision-maker in Refugee Status Determination (RSD) procedures, when individual States renege on this role. This duality of roles – protector and decision-maker – has been theorized to lead to quantifiable adverse effects on the refugees themselves. This is particularly problematic in light of the particular vulnerabilities that refugees already face, simply by being refugees. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union: Refugees have been the targets of violent attacks and intimidation, largely because they were perceived as â€Å"different† from the communities in which they had temporarily settled. Tensions between refugees and local populations have erupted when refugees were seen as competitors for natural and economic resources. Armed combat ants have been allowed to mingle freely with--and intimidate with seeming impunity--the civilians who sought safety in refugee camps and settlements. And, increasingly, governments have resorted to detention of illegal entrants, including women and children, many of whom are seeking asylum. Given this, it is imperative to craft an international legal framework that ensures an adequate standard of protection for the refugees. Indeed, the trend must be to heighten protections and reduce impediments to the full exercise of their rights. If the legal regime that covers refugee protection and selection results in outcomes that are contrary to the interests of refugees, then indeed it must be subjected to critical examination. II. Statement of Aims This paper intends to conduct an exploratory analysis on whether the existing legal framework that grants the dual mandate of the UNHCR and sets down its RSD procedures has led to inequitable outcomes for the refugees. By â€Å"inequitableâ₠¬ , this paper means either of two things (1) that, as a result of the legal framework, an individual that would otherwise have been granted refugee status under a more liberal contemplation, would be denied such status; (2) an individual granted refugee status would be given less protections than would otherwise have granted under a more liberal contemplation. Is the UNHCR deviating from its palliative protective role, and transforming into a refugee problem solver for the individual states, or even worse, as an enforcement mechanism for donor states’ policies of containment and exclusion? This preliminary proposal aims to analyze in depth the accountability of UNHCR’s RSD practices and the ethical issues arising from its additional role as one of the largest refugee decision-makers in the world. III. Research question and hypothesis This paper is guided by the following research question: To what extent have the UNHCR’s RSD procedures been an effective and fa ir tool in the refugee decision-making process, considering its dual role as a refugee protector and refugee decision-maker? To this end, the following sub-questions are likewise proposed: a. What are the concrete areas of tension between the UNHCR’s role as a refugee protector, and its role as decision-maker? b. What, if any, are the gaps in the RSD procedures, examined vis a vis the mandate of the UNHCR and existing International Law and International Humanitarian Law Conventions? c. Using as basis

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Nike Marketing Essay

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Nike Marketing Essay Nike is known by everyone everywhere. They have created dominant brand recognition. Nike is the number one athletic apparel company in more than ten countries. They have distribution centers all over the world. The advertising agency Nike has contracted has grown to three offices, each in different countries, to better reach their target audience on a local level. You can go anywhere in the world with the Nike logo and almost anyone would recognize the brand. This show how their hard work in the advertising department has paid off. In 2006, Nike spent $134 million in marketing. With a revenue total of $16.3 billion in 2007, Nike can certainly afford such a large marketing bill. Nike is strong regarding its research and development department based on its growing and ground-breaking product range. The Nike Sport Research Laboratory is responsible for innovative ideas like the NikeID online store where customer can purchase custom made shoes. Nike started out making only sneakers now m akes things from specific sports equipment to performance apparel. Nike defiantly knows how to expand well into the athletic sporting market. Nike has a strong presence overseas and sales their product worldwide. They always have the elite athletes promoting their product. They have Lebron James, Kobe Bryant and before they had Michael Jordan. Those athletes have helped in playing a role in creating brand loyalty. They have achieved this through 40 years of athletic of consistently developing superior products which appeal to consumers both domestically and internationally. Weaknesses One serious weakness with Nike is that they ignore to see problems in their labor and factory conditions. In the 1980s, Nike contracted most of their manufacturing to factories in poor nations such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Mexico in order to get the lowest manufacturing costs. Instead of paying higher wages, they were able to increase profits by paying lower wages to people in less developed countries. In 1996 Nike was uncovered for child labor laws in Pakistan. This led to a lots of negative publicity. Many people began to boycott their product. Many human rights groups formed alliance to protest the treatment of employees in these overseas factories. Even students at the University of Oregon, a college which depends heavily on the donations of Nike founder Phil Knight, rallied and signed petitions against the company, which put a strain on the relationship between the two organizations. Nike saw a small drop in sales after this scandal broke. Though this scandal has tarnis hed Nikes reputation for more than 15 years, they have remained on top throughout it all. Another issue Nike needs to address is that it has such a high price for apparel compared to its competitors, granted the quality is high but many consumers are turned away by the expensive price. Opportunities One great opportunity for Nike is to promote their brand as fashion as well as athletic wear. There are many consumers who see some Nike products as a fashion sneaker and wear their sneakers for that purpose instead of just athletic wear. Sneakers like the air force 1s and sneaker collections like the air maxes, Nike dunks, and the Jordan collection are worn as fashionable sneakers just as much for performance. In celebration of the Olympics this summer, Nike revealed a new product line meant to celebrate Nike classics, such as the Air Force 1, the Nike Dunk. Nikes greatest opportunity is Chinas market which is expanding speedily. China was a $600 million dollar business for Nike and the largest business Nike had outside of the United States in 2006. Nike is the leader in the market for sports apparel in China; it still has the opportunity to grab a larger market share, which could result in hundreds of millions of dollars more. Nike is the first company to work with Chinese athletes and create a look which includes their culture. Nike has created a competitive advantage over its competitors. Nike has an even greater opportunity to take advantage of on the China marketplace when they sponsored the 2008 Olympics in Beijing this summer. This event was watched by billions worldwide and allowed Nike to strengthen their relationship with China by proving their products value. Once Chinas marketplace has been established, expansion into other countries can do the same. It has a good judgment of marketing by sponsoring top athletes from different sports. Nike has prominent athletes from all major sports, which allows them to connect with a wide variety of consumers. Threats Some threats that the Nike Company may have are their competitive brands. Since Nike is the highest priced athletic brand name that puts them at risk for losing many of their customers. Nike faces a lot of competition. The shoe industry alone is highly competitive. This competition makes it hard for Nike to constantly set themselves apart from their competitors. As an pioneering leader, Nike is regularly the source of replication. For every new improvement, Nike has a very short lead time before their competitors release a similar product. The industry itself is becoming increasingly price competitive. Nike produces a high quality product and sets its prices as a result. Nike is well known as a first-rate priced product. With this sort of replication, competitors can sell similar products for a cheaper price. Price sensitive customers will then go with Nikes competition. Nike has many competitors, just looking at the shoe industry. While they are currently the best in the industry in terms of market share, in 2005, two of Nikes largest competitors, Adidas and Reebok, merged into a single company in an attempt to close the gap between themselves and Nike. When Nike b ecame the victim of public scrutiny over its oversea factories, both companies started to make improvements in their oversea factories to improve their image over the industry best. Another strong competitor is New Balance, a privately owned company based in Massachusetts which produces mostly women sneakers. New Balance is dedicated to selling products that are made in the U.S.. With Nikes poor public opinion of overseas manufacturing, this could be a big benefit for New Balance. New Balances commitment to customer loyalty allows them to spend less on marketing. Other competitors include Skechers and Puma. Skechers main focuses is on stylish footwear, using popular media personalities such as Carrie Underwood for its marketing. The German based company Puma is also a rapidly growing company. Puma introduced a five year plan starting in 2006 to expand into India and China, as well as launch five new product lines. Companies like these are not big enough to be a threat to Nikes succe ss now, their swift growth makes them possible threats in the near future, and Nike will need to monitor their success. Recommendations Nike is obviously the top of its business, but no company is invincible. Nike has several avenues of advancement. If they want to continue to build on lead and maintain their dominate status in the industry, they need to take a hard look at their mission and define it in S.M.A.R.T terms. This will give the company a constant goal and a direction to move in instead of being complacent waiting for its competitors to catch up. They need to make it clear not only that they want to stay on top, but how they will stay on top. They have a unique opportunity with Google their and Joga.com. The ability to reach some of their target customers in such a fashion could be a huge marketing advantage. The site needs to be finished before other networking sites take over. Nike needs to know what its competition is doing and needs to prepare to counter anything the competition puts up against them. The most important thing they can do is improve labor circumstances in factories. The hard part for Nik e is maintaining low costs while still keeping the brand equity they are known for. In order to do this Nike needs to have fewer suppliers and more calculated relationships with the ones they already deal with. Making these adjustments, their reputation will become positive and they can gain back the customers they lost due to negative publicity. Nike has always been associated with high quality retail products. They now need to be associated with the same type quality when it comes to labor and manufacturing conditions.

How can we protect our private information from others? Essay -- Commu

During my brother’s freshman year at TCU, he made the decision to join ROTC, a college military program that TCU offered its’ students in which the students would receive a full tuition scholarship if they joined. However, my brother did not want to disclose this information to our whole family and unfortunately I was unaware of this when my mother and I arrived at TCU for an unexpected visit. Upon the arrival of my mother and me, I fortuitously made the mistake of revealing my brother’s decision to join ROTC, which as a result enraged my mother to a new height. She was infuriated with the fact that my brother kept this important information from her. Due to this unintentional spilling of my brother’s private information, it took him a long time for him to conceal his private information to me and to trust me with his secrets. Conversely, through the research I have conducted on Sandra Petronio’s Communication Privacy Management Theory, I have gain ed helpful insight about realizing that there are certain boundaries and rules when others self-disclose and it is my duty to know and understand these boundaries and rules to appease the chance of â€Å"boundary turbulence.† If I had known the central premise of this theory before revealing my brother’s private information, I could have come to the conclusion that it would not be in mine or my brother’s best interest to reveal to my mother that he was in the ROTC program. The Communication Privacy Management theory is as Petronio states â€Å"as a map of the way people navigate privacy† and gives the necessary steps of how one must set and coordinate certain privacy rules with their co-owner, in order for the owner to feel that they have complete control of who gets to know their private inform... ...e discussions in order to make sure she is in complete control of her private information. During this time, Katherine is considered to have complete ownership of her learning disability. She has not allowed anyone to become a co-owner of this information, and due to a certain event when Russ pokes fun at those with learning disabilities, Katherine soon feels as if she will never be able to conceal her learning disability with her friends. Nevertheless, if Katherine wants to have more than a â€Å"superficial† relationship with Russ and Kim, she must disclose her ADD disability with them and be honest which brings her to asses her relationship with her friends. During this time, Katherine, unknowingly, applies three of the five components of Petronio’s rules based management system that her CPM theory addresses, wherein it explains how we create our privacy boundaries.

Compare and Contrast the spread of Christianity and Buddhism Essay

Both Buddhism and Christianity from their origins to the sixth century C. E. had similarities in that the diffusion was attributed through missionary work and conquest. Meanwhile, Christianity spread through the down fall of Rome and Buddhism spread by Ashoka who sent monks to share the teachings of the Buddha. Christianity and Buddhism both spread through missionaries. Specifically, Buddhism, towards part of South and Southeast Asia and, Christianity the Middle East through Europe. Buddhism’s missionaries were in forms of monks that lived in monasteries and taught the Buddhist’s beliefs. On the other hand, Christianity, was spread through the downfall of Rome by groups of missionaries, like Paul, that taught to European and Middle Eastern cities. The diffusion by conquest was different with Christianity than Buddhism in tactics used to convert the religion. German tribes such as Saxons, Angles, and Jutes were impacted by missionary workers in the Western empire spreading Christianity and overtime they adopted the religion. When the tribes invaded and conquered most of England, they made the conquered convert to Christianity. Meanwhile, Buddhism is stationed on the belief of non-violence. Ashoka was a Hindu when he was younger and after witnessing many bloody battles and becoming troubled by the effects of wars on humanity, he decided to convert to a life of non-violence. Ashoka being a king made him be able to adopt the religion of Buddhism and he sent monks to surrounding territories to share the teachings of Buddha. Buddhism and Christianity had several similarities in how they diffused. However, they each had different roots and beliefs. Buddhism began in India in the late sixth century B. C. E, while Christianity began several centuries later in Israel and started spreading from Jerusalem. Buddhism shared some beliefs with Hinduism and soon became rooted in China. Meanwhile, Christianity shared roots with Judaism and Islam. While both religions spread with the help of missionaries, Christianity also spread when Constantine converted. Buddhism believed in nirvana and Christianity believed in heaven and hell. All in all, Buddhism and Christianity have many different beliefs and roots that each contributed to their diffusion. Buddhism and Christianity are two of today’s major world religions, but they each gained followers in many different ways. Spreading from Eastern Asia to Europe, both religions influenced a variety of people and groups as they spread their beliefs. With the help of missionaries, they each continued to impact people from their origins to the sixth century C. E.

Reflection for “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”

Reflection for â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† Abstract This essay consists of three sections. The first section, a brief synopsis of the book â€Å"I know why caged bird sings† is presented. At the second part, three insights after reading the book are introduced. That is, metaphor of caged bird, power of literacy, and power of silence. At the last section, discipline-specific knowledge that relevant to the main character of book is stated. Synopsis of the Text This autobiography is Maya Angelou’s coming of age story, and follows Marguerite’s (called â€Å"My’ or â€Å"Maya† by her brother) life from the age of three to seventeen.In this story, Angelou as the storyteller, tells the audience about her experiences as an African American girl living in the Southern United States and her struggles with racism and being raped at eight years old. The book reveals the process of how she overcomes these difficulties and transforms into a sel f-possessed, dignified young woman, capable of responding to prejudice. Her maturity is mainly gained by her grandmother, Momma, the power of literacy, and the love around her. The book starts with Marguerite at three years old.At three, she was sent to Stamps, Arkansas, with her older brother Bailey to live with her grandmother and crippled uncle. Momma owns a merchandise store in the Stamps, and her store is a center of the African American community. Church, school, and the store are main places that little Maya and her brother live around. They are acquainted with African American life in Stamps which is hopeful in the morning before they go to cut the cotton, then turns dissatisfied and disappointed in the evening when they return from the cotton field.  Read also Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder  (PTSD).Stamps is a place where the black world and white world is clearly distinctive. Segregation makes them feel fear and hatred towards the white people in Stamps. Maya and her b rother’s relatively peaceful lives are disturbed by their father’s appearance at Stamps. He takes them to St. Louis, Missouri, to live with their mother. Later, Maya was raped by her mother’s boyfriend. After her mother’s boyfriend’s death, Maya misconceives that her words lead him to his death, and then she refuses to speak.This make her mother feel helplessness, therefore she decides to send her children to Stamps again. In Stamps, Maya meets Mrs. Bertha Flowers, who supplies her with books to encourage her love of reading and helps her to break through her shell. Later, Momma decides to send her grandchildren to their mother in San Francisco, California, to protect them from the dangers of racism in Stamps. Before Maya graduates, she becomes first African American female streetcar conductor in San Francisco.During her final year of high school, she worries that she might be a lesbian and initiates sexual intercourse with a teenage boy. Later, sh e finds out that she is pregnant. Maya gives birth at the end of the book and begins her journey to adulthood by accepting her role as a mother. Insights You Obtained from Reading this Text Metaphor of Caged Bird In this text, the cage is used to imply many things. In young Maya’s eyes, being black is like living in a cage; she always imagines she could escape from her black skin.In addition, her uncle’s handicapped body is his own cage. African American laborers in the Stamps cotton field are also being caged, because they are repeatedly doing the same labor work day after day, but their life does not seem to change. It is still very tough; they are like the caged bird cannot go anywhere. When the â€Å"powhitetrash† girls ridicule Momma, Maya looks through the window and watches the whole process of Momma being ridiculed by these girls. She was angry and wanted to yell at them but she could not, like the caged bird.From reading this text, I could know the seve rer victimization from racism and the impacts of segregation on African American person’s life at that time. When Maya firstly comes across the white community in Stamps, she feels fear and perceives the white people there are un-human. Segregation produces misunderstanding between the two groups and escalates the conflict. Power of Literacy Maya is scared about the power of words after the death of Mr. Freeman, and refuses to speak. After she goes back to Stamps, Maya met Mrs. Flower, who encourages her reading of books.Books become a refuge in her bewildering childhood. Maya finds characters of a book to make sense of her bewildering world. She even uses books as a way of coping with her rape. From the literacy, Maya gets comfort; literacy expands her thought and enables her to think independently without considering the unwritten rules of society at that time. Literacy also enhances Maya’s ability of thinking; it lets her have better understanding of herself, elabor ates her thought, and makes her become a stronger person. In addition, literacy inspires her to think what true human dignity is.It is very lucky for Maya to find a way to coping, as McPherson says, â€Å"if there is one stable element in Angelou’s youth it is a dependence upon books. † (McPherson, 1990, pp. 215). I wonder what the most dignified characteristic of a human being is. The answer I found from this book is not the color of skin, socioeconomic status, or power; it is the self-determined ability to not allows others to decide the value of themselves, because everyone is equally dignified. Power of Silence Maya’s grandmother is a quite successful African American woman in the African American community in Stamps.However, Momma and Momma’s family frequently suffered from racist attacks. On one occasion, Momma is taunted by â€Å"powhithetrash† girls. Maya sees Momma through the window coping with ignorance while being dignified. When these girls go to leave, Momma says to them â€Å"Bye, Miz†. After seeing how Momma fights with racism, Maya realizes racism can be fought without impudence, but instead with dignity. On the another occasion, Momma hides Uncle Willies in a vegetable bin to protect him from Ku Klux Klan raiders, because at that time, it was hard for a black man get protection from the police.Momma chooses very realistic ways to protect her family and shows to little Maya what truth dignity is. Discipline-Specific Knowledge that You Think is Relevant to this Main Character If Maya is a client, what should a practitioner do with Maya? At first, the counselor needs to decide the time that Maya come to see him or her. Maya has come to see the counselor after she has been raped. As described in the book, after this incident, Maya refused to speak and closed herself to the outside world. Therefore, it can be assumed that this period is the first crisis in Maya’s life.At the beginning of the counsel ing session, establishing a good relationship is very important. Sexual abuse involves betrayal of the child’s trust. The effect of such behavior makes a child who survives sexual abuse feel that it is difficult for them to trust others. Therefore, the counselor needs to make a tremendous effort to build a good rapport with Maya. We can utilize the things that Maya likes in the beginning of the session. As known from the text, Mrs. Bertha Flowers introduces books to Maya and encourage her love of reading books.Therefore, we can talk about characters or authors of books, or whatever can bring her interest. After establishing a good relationship with Maya and making sure that she is ready to talk, the counselor will do assessment. Through talking with Maya, the counselor can comprehend Maya’s feelings, her coping behaviors, her perceptions about the incident, her developmental tasks, and her ecosystem. At the end of the assessment, two main issues might emerge. That is, trauma from sexual abuse and racism-related issues, including obsession with race and an identity issue.It is said that counselors are ethically and legally mandated to report suspicions of child sexual abuse to authorities (Miller, Dove, & Miller, 2007). Therefore, documenting and reporting the suspected sexual abuse of Maya is the counselor’s first job. In the specific counseling session, the counselor needs to consider that treatment issues for child victims of rape typically includes many symptoms. Some of these symptoms include anger, trust issues, social withdrawal, self-blame, emotional dysregulation, dissociation, eating disorders, self-injury, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Budrionis & Jongsma, 2003).Previous research suggests cognitive-behavioral approaches â€Å"reduce the impact† of (child) sexual abuse (Berliner & Elliot, 2002), and are more effective than supportive therapy in promoting improvements in children’s knowledge about body safety sk ills (Deblinger, Stauffer, & Steer, 2001). The counselor could apply cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to identify distorted thinking, like how Maya thought being raped and Mr. Freeman’s death were caused by her; modify beliefs; facilitate relating to others in different ways; and changes Maya’s behaviors associated with her trauma.Next, the counselor needs to deal with the racism-related issues that Maya is experiencing. Cross model of psychological nigrescense (the process of becoming Black)(Cross, 1971, 1991, 1995;Hall & Cross, & Freedle, 1972) indicated that the evolution from the pre-encounter to the internalization stage reflects a movement form psychological dysfunction to psychological health. Evidence from the book supports an assumption that Maya is in her pre-encounter stage, where individuals consciously or unconsciously devalue their own Blackness and concurrently value White values and ways.This can be seen when Maya often imagines that one day she will escapes from her black skin and become a blond and blue-eyed white girl. African Americans at pre-encounter stage evidence self-hate, low self-esteem, and poor mental health (Vandiver. 2001), whereas African Americans with the greatest internalization of racial identity report the highest self –esteem (Pierre & Mahalik, 2005). It seems that accepting who you are and being proud of yourself are fundamental for African American to maintain mental health. However, long journey needs to be gone through in order to make changes.For changing the perception of herself and her perceptions towards African Americans, the counselor could introduce Maya with some movies or books of outstanding African Americans. Facing racism, Neal-Barnette and Crowther (2000) found that parents who focusing on human values and ignoring the role of race more likely generate children’s higher levels of social anxiety, particularly with African American peers. It means, for African Americans, it is crucial for parents actively prevent racism by admitting existence of racism, putting this issue on the table, and guiding their children to confront racism.In Maya’s case, the counselor could refer to Sue and Sue (2007)’s recommendation. That is, the counselor can employ family and community support systems. Specifically, members of the family and other important individuals (brother, Momma, uncle, teacher, etc. ) in Maya’s life could be asked to meet together in Momma’s home, and then all the members could share information about their struggles and search for identity. Sue and Sue (2007) indicated that, use of these techniques, derived from African American experience, can lead to personal empowerment. Reference Angelou, M. (1971).I know why the caged bird sings. New York, United States: Bantam Books. Berliner, L. , & Elliot, D. M. (2002). Sexual abuse of children. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, & Ct. T. Hendrix (Eds. ), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed). (pp. 55-78). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Budrionis, R. , & Jongsma, A. E. (2003). The Sexual abuse Victim and Sexual Offender Treatment Planner. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Cross, W. E. (1971). The Negro-to-Black conversion experience: Towards a psychology of Black liberation. Black World. 20, 13-27 Cross, W. E. (1991).Shades of Black: Diversity in African American identity. Philadelphia: temple University Press. Cross, W. E. (1995). The psychology of Nigrescence: Revising the Cross model. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander(Eds. ), Handbook of multicultural counseling (PP. 93-122). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Deblinger, E. , Stauffer, L. B. , & Steer, R. A. (2001). Comparative efficacies of supportive and cognitive behavioral group therapies for young children who have been sexually abused and their nonoffending mothers. Child Maltreatment, 6 (4), 332-343. Hall, W. S. , Cross, W. E. & Freedle, R. (1972). Stages in the development of Black awareness: An exploratory investigation. In R. L. Jones (Ed. ), Black psychology (pp. 156-165). New Yourk: Harper & Row. Neal-Barnett, A. M. , & Crowther, J. H. (2000). To be female, middle class, anxious, and Black. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 129-136 McPherson, Dolly A. (1990). Order out of Chaos: The autobiographical Works of Maya Angelou. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. Miller, K. L. , Dove, M. K. , & Miller, S. M. (2007, October). A counselor’s guide to child sexual abuse: Prevention, reporting and treatment strategies.Paper based on a program presented at the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Conference, Columbus, OH. Pierre, M. R. , & Mahalik, J. R. (2005). Examining African self-consciousness and Black racial identity as predictors of Black men’s psychological well-being. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11, 28-40. Sue, D. W. , & Sue, D. (2007). Counseling the Culturally Diverse : Theory an d Practice. (5th Ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Vandiver, B. J. (2001). Psychological nigrescence revisited: introduction and overview. Journal of Multicultural counseling and Development, 29, 165-173.